LANDFORMS, WATER, AND NATURAL RESOURCES

1
LANDFORMS, WATER, AND NATURAL RESOURCES

• Chapter IV
• Pp. 62-85

2
LANDFORMS

• Forces ABOVE
• Forces BELOW

3
FORCES BELOW

• Geology the study of the physical structures of
  the earth
• Four Important Zones
• Inner Core - solid
• Outer Core liquid metal (iron nickel)
• Mantle largest zone (magma)
• Crust 25 miles thick

4
INTERNAL FORCES

• Plate Tectonics
• Continental Drift
• Plate Boundaries
• Volcanoes
• Earthquakes
• Pangaea
• Gondwana
• Laurasia

5
PLATE TECTONICS

• Mountains

6
TYPES OF MOVEMENT

• Spread (mostly under the oceans)
• Oceanic Ridges
• A continuous 40,000 mile chain
• Rift Valleys when on land (Africa)
• Abyssal Plains
• Continental Shelves

7
TYPES OF MOVEMENT

• Collide
• Land Sea
• Subduction Zones Trenches
• Folds Faults
• Mountains

8
TYPES OF MOVEMENT

• Move Laterally
• San Andreas Fault in California

9
FORCES ABOVE

• Weathering Erosion
• Slow Difficult to Detect
• Even the Hardest Rocks Erode
• Chemical Processes
• Heating Cooling
• Freezing Thawing of Water
• Tree Roots
• Sediment small particles of gravel, sand, and
  mud

10
EROSION

• Water
• Wind
• Ice

11
Water, Waves, Wind

• Water is the most important eroder
• Rain
• Channels grow to Gullies
• Gullies grow to Canyons
• Grand Canyon
• Little Grand Canyon

12
Water, Waves, Wind

• Plants protect most land from Wind
• Deserts Beaches
• Abrasion blasting with particles
• Moving things around
• Sahara sand is often carried to the Caribbean
  Islands
• Sand Dunes

13
The Power of Ice

• Glaciers thick masses of ice
• Antarctica Greenland
• Grinding rocks
• Moving everything
• Carving Valleys

14
SHAPES ON LAND

• Tectonic Shapes
• Mountains, Valleys
• Volcanoes Earthquakes
• Erosion Shapes
• Plateaus, Plains
• Sediment Shapes
• Sand Dunes, Floodplains
• Alluvial Fans, Deltas