Organic Compounds

1
Organic Compounds
2
Carbohydrates

• Compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a
  ratio of 2 atoms of hydrogen for every 1 atom of
  oxygen
• If there are 15 atoms of oxygen, how many atoms
  of hydrogen are there?

3
Simplest Carbohydrates

• Monosaccarides- simplest sugar
• Chemical Formula of C6H12O6
• Sugars end in ose like glucose

4
Lets Draw Glucose
5
Why are carbs important?

• Because they contain large amounts of energy that
  can be released by a process called DEHYDRATION
  SYNTHESIS.

6
What is a dehydration synthesis?

• Break it down into its root words..
• Dehydration
• Synthesis

7
Definition

• Putting together by removing water
• Forms a disaccharide joining of two simple sugars

8
Lets draw it
9
Or a

• Polysaccharides several simple sugars are joined
  together

10
Monomer vs. Polymer

• Monomer- 1 sugar
• Polymer- 2 sugars can contain 100 or 1000
  sugars
• What would this be considered?

11
Important Polysaccharides

• Starch plants
• Glycogen humans (liver)
• Chitin insects

12
Hydrolysis

• Opposite of dehydration synthesis
• Disaccharide or polysaccharide
  water---monosaccahride

13
Lets Draw it..
14
Lipids

• Made up mostly of carbon and hydrogen
• Fats, oils, waxes

15
Uses

• Used to store energy (more than carbs)
• Used as parts of biological membranes
• Used as waterproof coverings

16
Fats are formed by dehydration synthesis

• Reactants1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid
  molecules
• Products fat molcule and 3 molecules of water

17
Glycerol

• 3 carbon molecule with an OH group bonded to each
  carbon

18
Fatty Acid

• Consists of carbon chain with a carboyxl group
  (COOH)

19
What would be the opposite of dehydration
synthesis?

• _____________________
• Reactants fat molecule water
• Products glycerol fatty acids

20
Saturated Fats

• Contain all single carbon to carbon bonds

21
Unsaturated Fats

• Fat molecule has one double or triple bond

22
(No Transcript)
23
Polyunsaturated Fats

• Fat that has a chain with more than one double or
  triple bond

24
Unsaturated or Polyunsaturated
25
Hydrogenation

• Process of changing an unsaturated fat to a
  saturated fat by adding a hydrogen

26
How can you tell the difference?

• Unsaturated fats are oils
• Decrease cholesterol
• Saturated fats are solids
• shown that these fats can increase cholesterol
  in the body

27
Cholesterol

• Essential compound found in animal tissue
• Can build-up in arteries and cause heart attacks
  and strokes