DARPA.Overview.20070725

1
Welcome to theDARPA FSO ConferenceJuly 25, 2007
2
An Overview of theDefense Advanced Research
Projects Agency
Rob Trigiano, Deputy Program Manager Security
Operations DARPA Security Intelligence
Directorate (SID)
3

• This briefing is
• UNCLASSIFIED

4
Where The Work Gets Done
3701 North Fairfax Drive
Dr. Anthony J. Tether, Director
And at 250 defense contractor and government
agencies across the country
5
DARPA Organization
Office of Management Operations (OMO)
Director, Tony Tether Deputy Director, Bob Leheny
Tactical TechnologySteve WelbySteve
Walker Air/Space/Land/Sea PlatformsUnmanned
SystemsSpace OperationsLaser SystemsPrecision
Strike
Microsystems TechnologyJohn ZolperDean
Collins ElectronicsPhotonicsMEMSAlgorithmsInte
grated Microsystems
Information Processing TechnologyCharlie
HollandBarbara Yoon Cognitive Systems High
Productivity Computing Systems Language
Translation
Defense SciencesBrett GiroirBarbara
McQuiston Physical Sciences Materials Biology Math
ematics Human Effectiveness Bio Warfare Defense
6
Security and Intelligence Directorate (SID)
SID Functional Areas
Our success depends on your success in all areas
of security management
7
A Technical Organization
Technical Staff Sources
Technical Staff Return
No Careers at DARPA
U.S. Industry

• Administratively Determined (AD) 1101
• Highly Qualified Experts (HQE)
• Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA)
• Scientific or Technical Positions (ST)
• Military Officers
• Term General Services (GS)

Four to Six Year Terms
8
DARPAs Origin
Sputnik 1
February 1958 Under direction from President
Eisenhower, newly appointed Secretary of Defense
Neil H. McElroy creates DARPA to ensure that the
U.S. would not be technologically surprised again.
DoD 5105.15 responsible for the direction or
performance of such advanced projects in the
field of research and development as the
Secretary shall designate
October 4, 1957 Russia launches Sputnik 1,
beating the U.S. to space. This surprise was
widely viewed as embarrassing to President
Eisenhower and the Department of Defense.
9
DARPA A Unique Agency
Since our inception in 1958, DARPAs been engaged
in a number of exciting, highly sensitive and
sometimes little known, yet critically important
programs in support of our primary mission
Fostering advanced technologies and systems that
create "revolutionary" advantages for the US
military. And what that REALLY means is that we
get to invent really cool stuff! ?
10
DARPAs Mission
To maintain U.S. military technological
superiority, prevent technological surprise by
our enemies, and create technological surprise
for our enemies by pursuing revolutionary,
high-payoff research that bridges the gap between
fundamental discovery and military application.
DARPA activities must continue even if the
emerging technologies have far-reaching
consequences that are still unclear. Our resolve
may prevent U.S. technological surprise, create
adversary surprise, or in the unfortunate event
of U.S. technological surprise, may speed the
U.S. technological response and recovery.
11

DoD ST Budgets and DARPA Budget (B)
DoD Appropriated
DoD Appropriated
Billions ()
DoD PB Request
DoD PB Request
PB 08 Request 3.0B
DARPAs Budget
DARPA
Total of all 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 budget activities
12
Strategic Thrusts

• Robust, Secure, Self-Forming Networks
• Detection, Precision ID, Tracking, Destruction of
  Elusive Targets
• Urban Area Operations
• Advanced Manned Unmanned Systems
• Detection, Characterization and Assessment of
  Underground Structures
• Assured use of Space
• Increasing the Tooth to Tail Ratio
• Bio-Revolution
• Core Technologies
• (Materials / Quantum Science / Microsystems)

Our role is to color outside the lines.to
ensure technology advances continue to change the
way the U.S. conducts warfare with startling
battlefield triumphs (Dr. Tony Tether,
Director DARPA)
Investments Today for Future Capabilities
13
DARPAs New Initiative Process
Phase I
Source Selection

• EstablishGo / No Go Criteria
• Approve Broad Agency Announcement
• (BAA)

• Evaluate Go / No Go Accomplishment

Broad Agency Announcement

• Evaluate Reponses
• Select Performers

Phase II
Contract

• Continue Development
• Solicit Partnership Transition Path

Ideas
Feasibility Study

• Individuals
• Industry
• Universities
• Entrepreneurs
• Government

DARPA Program Manager
DARPA Office Director
14
Role in Science Technology
Near-Side vs.
Far-Side

• Near-Side
• Short-term RD for existing needs
• Crucial for honing existing capabilities (e.g.,
  improving jet performance)
• Typically focused on known systems and known
  problems
• Represents the bulk of DoD ST investment dollars

• Far-Side
• Long-term investment to support fundamental
  discovery
• New science, radical concepts, revolutionary
  technological advances
• Far-side researchers have difficulty obtaining
  funding from near-side investors whose focus is
  understandably on evolving proven technology

15
Role in Science Technology
Bridging the Gap
This Is Where DARPA Comes In

• Pushing the Envelope
• Pursuing radical innovation even when no clear
  application is identified
• Mining the Far-Side
• Finding and promoting promising fundamental
  discoveries on the far-side
• Bridging the Gap
• Accelerating far-side ideas and maturing them
  into adoptable, near-side applications
• Transforming NEW KNOWLEDGE into NEW CAPABILITIES

16
50 Years of Accomplishments - Beginning
with
17
Saturn Rocket

• DARPAs work on the Saturn Rocket began in the
  late 1950s and played a key role in the U.S.
  sending the first man to the Moon.

First Saturn Rocket launch Oct 27, 1961
18
M-16 Rifle
M-16 Assault Rifle 1960s effort
For the U.S. Army and U.S. Marines, DARPA's
project AGILE led to the development of the
modern M-16 rifle.
19
ARPANET

• Work on the ARPANET, the precursor to the modern
  day Internet, began in the late 1960s as part of
  research into computers and in particular,
  command and control.

This interesting looking map shows the state of
the core of the Internet in August 1987. It could
be described as the "Internet on a chip."
A rough sketch map of the possible topology of
ARPANET by Larry Roberts. The map was drawn in
the late 1960s as part of the planning for the
network.
20
GPS

• DARPA helped in the initial research in the 50s
  and the 60s that led to the creation of the
  Global Positioning System.
• While GPS began as a military tool for mapping
  and navigation, it has become available
  commercially for business and consumer use.

GPS Satellite
21
UAVs

• DARPA developed the first endurance Unmanned
  Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Amber. Technologies
  developed from Amber and related programs led to
  the Gnat 750 UAV and the Air Force-operated Tier
  2 Predator UAV used in Bosnia.
• Since the 1970s, DARPA has helped build
  prototypes for both unmanned aircraft and ground
  vehicles for use in combat.
• Global Hawk and Predator Unmanned Vehicles were
  both used in the war in Afghanistan and continue
  to provide mission critical support in
  Afghanistan, Iraq and other theaters.

Global Hawk UAV (Project Teal Rain)
Predator UAV (Project Amber)
22
Stealth Technology

• Project Harvey In 1974 DARPA and the USAF began
  stealth research, code named HARVEY, after the
  invisible rabbit in the Hollywood movie of
  HARVEY. The goal was to reduce an objects radar
  cross section (RCS) by careful shaping. The
  results of the entire project went black as a
  result of Lockheeds practically invisible
  design.
• Sea Shadow was built in 1985 to examine the
  application of stealth technology on naval
  vessels and test the ability to man a ship with
  fewer men, using more automation.

Tacit Blue
Sea Shadow
B2 Bomber
Harvey
F-117A Nighthawk
23
Autonomous Vehicles- DARPA Grand Challenge
2 million cash prize 8 October 2005
The best autonomous robotic vehicles America can
build
Miles of some of the toughest terrain in the world
Winner takes all
24
The Course
Narrow Underpass
Long Tunnels
Narrow Gates
Lake Beds
Rough Roads
Close Obstacles
132 mi
Start/Finish
25
The Finishers
CMU Sandstorm 7h 4m 18.7 mph
CMU Highlander 7h 14m 18.25 mph
Gray Team 7h 30m 17.6 mph
Oshkosh Terramax 12h 51m 10.3 mph
Stanford - Stanley 6h 53m 19.2 mph
Overnight Operations
26
The Success
October 2005
Oshkosh Grand Challenge Entry
Stanley on Display
January 2006
Smithsonian National Museum of American History

• Oshkosh Palletized Load System (PLS)
• U.S. Military Supply truck w/ GC technology

27
The Future
TS / HIGHLY SPOOKIE

• And then, of course, theres the super sensitive,
  ultra-secret programs that we cant go into in
  this forumat least for another 10-20 years
  anyhow. ?

NO LOOKIE-LOOKIE FOR YOU
28
Scope of DARPA SAP Efforts

• Agency SAPs (FY00-Present)
• 850 increase in Agency SAP budget
• 2700 increase in programs/projects (5 to 140)
• 320 performer locations
• External Agency Coordination
• 90 of DARPA contracts are administered thru
  external contracting agents
• We do business with everybody
• DoD (Services and Agencies)
• DOE
• NASA

Numbers fluctuate based on program activity

• Intelligence Community
• Industry
• Academia

29
DARPA Accomplishments
SATURN
1960
Command Post of the Future
Phraselator
Transit
Autonomous Ground Vehicles
M-16
Exoskeleton
VELA Hotel
ALTAIR
X-45
Ground Surveillance Radar
Mobile Robots
SUO SAS
ARPANET
1970
Mouse
MEMS
2000
ATACMS
JSF Engine
1970
Assault Breaker
Global Hawk
JSTARS
Center for Monitoring Research
1980
LSTAT
Predator
Uncooled IR
Stealth Fighter
TALON GOLD
BAT
1990
Advanced Cruise Missile
Pegasus Launch Vehicle
MIMIC
Sea Shadow
GPS
Taurus Launch Vehicle
Speech Recognition

DARPASAT
30
Urban Challenge
Autonomous Ground Vehicles in the City
Travel 60 miles in traffic in under 6 hrs.

• Safe following and passage of a moving vehicle
• Safe merge with other moving traffic
• Safe passage through busy intersections
• Parking in congested areas. Safe U-Turn
• Figure out an alternate route when the primary
  route is impassable

November 3 2007 Western U.S.
31
86 Urban Challenge Teams
Team Cybernet Ann Arbor, MI
Intelligent Vehicle Systems Dearborn, MI
base17 Robotics Westfield, IN
Martian Mentors Goodrich, MI
Ody-Era Carmel, IN
UrbanRangers Indianapolis, IN
Space Cowboys Pinckney, MI
Indiana Robotic Navigation Greenwood, IN
ROWSG Corvallis, OR
Cakewalk Whiteland, IN
MIT CyberRider Cambridge, MA
American Industrial Magic Traverse City, MI
ROBOKAR Spring Lake Park, MN
Highlander Racing Newark, NJ
Cornell University Ithaca, NY
Team Oshkosh Truck Oshkosh, WI
Princeton University Princeton, NJ
Team Helios Greenfield, WI
Carnegie Mellon University Team Promethean
Pittsburgh, PA
University of Utah Salt Lake
City, UT
AutoTrek Moorestown, NJ
Autonomous Solutions Young Ward, UT
Team Case Cleveland, OH
Ben Franklin Racing Team Philadelphia, PA
BYUC Provo, UT
Berkeley-Sydney Driving Team Albany, CA
Team Juggernaut Sandy, UT
I-Team Campbell, CA
OSU-ACT Columbus, OH
UU Westminster, MD
Team Orange Urbana, IL
Juxtopia Baltimore, MD
Stanford Racing Team Stanford, CA
LAAE Los Altos, CA
Mojavaton Grand Junction, CO
UD Team Grand Challenge
Dayton, OH
AvantGuardium Bethesda, MD
Cincinnati Bearcats Cincinnati, OH
Team Jefferson Crozet, VA
True Vision Robotics Atascadero, CA
R Junk Works Palmdale, CA
Team White Cougar Las Vegas, NV
Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA
Team CART Princeton, WV
UMR Urban Challenge Team Rolla, MO
Axion Racing Westlake Village, CA
Insight Racing Cary, NC
A Bunch of Dropouts Kingman, AZ
Oak Ridge Robotics Oak Ridge, TN
The Golem Group Santa Monica, CA
Team Urbanator Owens Cross Roads, AL
TeamNOVA Chickasha, OK
PHD Phoenix, AZ
Magic Highway, U.S.A. Topanga, CA
Sting Racing Atlanta, GA
Team Scorpion Tucson, AZ
RoboRide Homewood, AL
CalTech Pasadena, CA
Team Banzai TeamXAR Team Tebo
Irvine, CA
Magnolia Ridgeland, MS
SciAutonics/Auburn Engineering Thousand
Oaks, CA
Trobo Petal, MS
Pegasus College
Station, TX
Natalythe Engineering
Spurriers Hurriers Mary Esther, FL
Team CajunBot Lafayette, LA
Palos Verdes HS Roadwarriors
Palos Verdes Estates, CA
Team 23 Racing San Diego, CA
Gator Nation Gainesville, FL
Team Gray Metairie, LA
Austin Robot Technology
Austin, TX
Team UCF Orlando, FL
Project Horizon Melbourne, FL
Team Grand Challenger Houston, TX
86 Teams / 7 Countries
32
Urban Challenge Entries
SAMI - A-team (A Bunch Of Dropouts)
Junior - Stanford's University VW Passat.
Lone Wolf - Insight (NC State)
Alice - Team CALTech
Faculty, students and alumnae of Case
Elise Fox - (CART) at Bluefield State College
33
Urban Challenge Entries
34
Future Icons

• Low-cost titanium to enable routine use (3.5/lb
  military grade alloy)
• Accelerate Development Production of
  Therapeutics Vaccines from 12 years to 16
  weeks or less
• Alternative Energy Sources for military
  operations, such as jet fuel from plants
• Prosthetics to enable a Soldiers return to the
  unit without loss of capability
• Networks - Self-forming, Robust, Self-defending
  to enable true network centric operations
• Chip Scale Atomic Clock to replace communication
  devices reliance on GPS time signal
• High-productivity computing system peta scale
  computer for important DoD applications
• Cognitive computing to reduce manpower required
  for support operations
• Real time language translation to replace
  linguists (Defense Language Institute, III ? IV)
• Air Vehicles - Fast Access, long loiter
• High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System as a
  penetration aid to replace stealth
• Submarines reduce size and cost while
  maintaining existing capabilities
• Space capabilities to enable global military
  operations

35
Support to Warfighters
WASP
Boomerang
Bar Armor - Counter RPG
Broadcast Translation
Command Post of the Future
Tactical Iraqi Language Training
Hand-Held Translator
Cooling Glove
Water Disinfection Pen
Sniper Rifle
36
Questions?