Home Styles since 1700

1
Home Styles since 1700

• America in the 18th century was still
  undergoing enormous change. Waves of new
  immigrants continued to arrive, bringing with
  them rich heritages and traditions, including
  native home-building styles. As the population
  grew and spread, patterns of housing changed to
  meet the needs of a changing society. Housing
  styles were influenced by a variety of factors,
  including political, economic, and social events.
  At the same time, architects were emerging as
  the creators of a new discipline that would keep
  American housing changing and evolving. That
  evolution continued through the 19th and 20th
  centuries and into the 21st.

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
2
Georgian Period

• Named for the kings of England (George I, II, and
  III)
• Brick and stone
• If not available, wood used
• Carved and painted to look like stone (Mount
  Vernon)

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
3
Georgian Period Characteristics

• Formal, balanced design, 2-3 stories high
• Gable roof (pitched with 2 sloped sides
• Hip roof (4 sloped sides)
• Large windows symmetrically placed
• Many small panes

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
4
Georgian Period Characteristics

• Doorway details
• Front door focal point of house
• Framed by pilasters (flattened columns)
• Topped by pediment (a triangular or arched
  decoration)
• Distinctive cornice
• A decorative strip at the area where the roof and
  walls meet
• Georgian houses cornice of tooth like molding

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
5
Georgian Period Characteristics

• Central chimney or chimney at each end
• Contrasting materials
• Red brick
• White wood trim

• Inside molded plaster ceilings
• Wood paneling or wallpaper
• Ornate rectangular fireplace topped by a mantel
• Later Georgian central sections with wing on
  each side ( Mount Vernon)

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
6
Georgian Period

• Row Houses
• Continuous line of two or three-story houses that
  share a common wall
• First appeared in Boston and Philadelphia during
  18th century

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
7
Federal Period

• American Revolution brought to end old
  political/social patterns
• Traders/merchants became the leaders
• Sense of renewed patriotism
• Turned away from anything English

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
8
Federal Period Architectural Styles

• Adam
• Combined Georgian features and elements from
  Classical Greece and Rome
• 1780-1820
• Rectangular design/1 or more stories
• Gable roof with decorative cornice
• Symmetrically placed windows with small panes

• Fanlights semicircular, round or oval window
  with fan-shaped panes of glass above the door or
  pediment
• Decorative interiors
• Plaster and wood carvings in classical design

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
9
Federal Period Architectural Styles
Five on five façade Fanlight Side windows
Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
10
Federal Period Architectural Styles

• Early Classical Revival
• 1770-1830
• Monticello (example)
• Rectangular shape
• Windows symmetrically placed
• Fanlight
• Portico (tall open porch supported by columns)
• Topped by a triangular pediment
• Sometimes porch is built up on foundation and
  extends to the roof of the house

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
11
The 19th Century

• Results of Industrial Revolution changed America
• New demands greater waves of immigrants
• Prices for homes dropped
• More affordable

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
12
Romantic Revival Period

• Greek Revival Style
• 1825-1860
• Features linked to temples of ancient Greece
• Two-story porch supported by columns across the
  entire front of the house
• Pilasters on the corners of frame houses or
  across the front

• Elaborate entrance
• Door surrounded by small windows
• Columns supporting small or large porch
• Ionic
• Doric
• Corinthian

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
13
Romantic Revival Period

• Columns

Corinthian
Doric
Ionic
Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
14
Romantic Revival Period

• Gothic Revival Style
• 1840-1880
• Pointed arches and circular windows
• Built of wood
• High-peaked gables
• Gingerbread (lacy-looking cut-out wood trim)

• Italianate Style
• 1840-1885
• Squared and 2 stories high
• Wide overhanging hip roofs
• Decorative brackets
• Long, narrow windows
• Cupola small, square knob that tops house

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
15
Victorian Period

• Queen Victoria of England
• 1860-1900
• Very elaborate

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
16
Mansard Style of the Victorian Period

• Second Empire Style
• French influence
• 1860-1880
• Boxlike mansard roof
• Two slopes on all sides
• Upper slope being almost flat
• Decorated cornices and French windows
• Long windows/open lengthwise at middle
• Dormer windows project from lower slope of roof

17
Queen Anne Style of Victorian Period

• 1870-1880
• Irregular steep roof
• Ornamental gables
• Overlapping decorative wood shingles for siding
• Wraparound porches/ railings and columns
• Circular tower that extends entire height of house

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
18
Early 20th Century
Period Revival Styles copying in a more pure form

• Colonial Revival
• 1880-1995
• Georgian, Saltbox, Cape Cod
• Door is prominent
• Decorative Pediment
• Entry porch supported by slender columns
• Windows symmetrically balanced pairs
• Double-hung sashes

• Tudor
• 1890-1940
• Half-timbered look
• Steeply pitched gables at front/sides
• Tall, narrow windows/ small panes
• Massive chimneys with chimney pots
• Stucco, brick, and stone

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
19
Early 20th Century
Period Revival Styles copying in a more pure form

• Chateauesque Style
• French influenced
• Towers, turrets, ornamental metal cresting
• Elaborate moldings, relief carvings
• Arched windows and doorways

• Mission Style
• 1890-1920
• Born in CA moved eastward
• Commonly found in SW US
• Arched doorways and windows
• Tile roofs often hidden by parapets
• Low walls or railings along balconies
• Exterior walls of stucco

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
20
Early 20th Century
Period Revival Styles copying in a more pure form

• Colonial Revival

• Tudor

• Chateauesque Style

• Mission Style

21
Modern Styles of Early 20th Century

• Prairie Style
• Beginning of 20th century-1920
• Frank Lloyd Wright
• Emphasis on horizontal lines, low pitched roofs
  with overhanging eaves
• Wide porches, rows of leaded-glass windows
• Interior space rooms flow into one another

• Rooms are open and designed to connect with the
  outdoors
• Not limited to Wright and his trained architects
• Common forms is square, two-story
• Hip roof and wide front porch
• American Foursquare

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
22
Modern Styles of Early 20th Century

• Craftsman Style
• Originated Southern CA 1900-1930
• Bungalow
• Small, 1-story (or 1 ½ story)
• Overhanging roof and covered porch
• Met need of smaller, less expensive homes
• Low-pitched gable roof

• Decorative beams or braces under eaves
• Full or partial width porches with roof
• Supported by columns or pedestals extending to
  ground

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
23
Modern Styles of Early 20th Century

• International Style
• 1930-1950
• Experiment with new materials/building methods
• Frank Lloyd Wright (Fallingwater)
• Design elements used in ways drastically
  different from tradition
• Emphasize function

• Decorative or ornamental elements avoided
• Simple geometric shapes combined to create an
  asymmetrical design
• Resembles a piece of sculpture
• Roof usually flat
• Exterior walls smooth, blank surfaces
• Large expanses of windows

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
24
Modern Styles of Early 20th Century
25
Postwar Modern Styles

• Ranch
• Long, low, one-story house
• Resembles rambling one-story houses built by
  early settlers of the west
• Low pitched gable or hip roof
• Decorative shutters and picture windows
• 1950-1960s
• Lots were larger in suburbs

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
26
Postwar Modern Styles

• Contemporary Style
• 1950-1970
• Wide eave overhangs
• Flat or low-pitched roofs with low gables
• Exposed supporting beams
• Contrasting wall materials and textures
• Unusual placement and shapes of windows

• Integrate into the landscape around it (complete
  opposite of International style)

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
27
Postwar Modern Styles

• Split-level Style
• 1950-1970
• Modification of ranch style home
• At least 2 levels of living space
• Connected by short flights of stairs
• Originally designed to take advantage of sloping
  lot

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
28
Postwar Modern Styles

• Shed Style
• 1960s
• Roofline made of a steeply pitched roof
• Little or no traditional ornamentation
• Wood shingle or board siding (horizontally,
  vertically, diagonally)

• Entrance not obvious
• Windows usually small/ placed asymmetrically

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
29
Postwar Modern Styles

• Unique Designs break all the existing rules of
  existing housing
• A-Frame
• Gabled roof extends to ground level on two sides
• Usually vacation homes

• Geodesic Dome
• R. Buckminster Fuller 1947
• Triangular frames joined to form a
  self-supporting roof and walls
• Interior walls are not needed
• Low-cost, energy-saving housing
• Inexpensive to build

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
30

• Many factors have influenced home design in
  North America. Environment, history, and the
  political, economic, and social conditions of the
  country have always played a role. Architects
  and builders have often looked to the past for
  inspiration. Housing styles continue to evolve.
  In the coming years, architects and builders will
  need to meet the needs of an aging population and
  a greater concern for resource conservation.

Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)
31
Links From The Past
What elements from the past do you see in these
modern houses?
Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E.
Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang_at_msn.com)