Furniture Styles

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Furniture Styles

• Barrington High School
• Mrs. Parmar
• 2005-2006

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Jacobean Style (1603-1690)King James I King
Charles I

• Pilgrim Style Similar to Elizabethan furniture
  style
• Early Perioduntil 1660
• Very few simple furniture pieces
• Chairs, benches, tables, bed frames, chests,
  cupboards
• Strictly Functional, not at all ornamental (with
  exception to hand carving) or decorative
• Design driven by practicality rather than
  appearance.
• Constructed entirely of wood

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Late Periodfrom 1660-1690

• People began to look for luxury elegance for
  their home. Resulting in dramatic change in their
  taste of furniture.
• The practical rejected as too simple.
• Distinctive furniture pieces
• Writing cabinets, candle stands, etc. becoming
  average home pieces.
• To add elegance
• Decorative touches such as rich upholstery,
  elaborate designscroll-shaped arms legs.

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Characteristics of Jacobean Style

• Appearance was box-like
• Pieces were massive, study w/straight lines
• Made of oak, maple, beech, ash, or hickory
• Had elaborate floral geometric carving for
  decoration
• Decorative features include caned seats, seats
  upholstered in crewel embroidery or in leather
• Legs spindles (rounded forms)from
  turningadding shape by using a lathe.
• Lathe spins the wood against a cutting tool,
  which cuts away various parts of the wood to
  different depths.
• Geometrically molded panels often used to
  decorate the late-period furniture
  surfacesdresser drawers cupboard doors.

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Jacobean Oak Bench
Jacobean Chair, c.1620.Gilt and painted wood
with red velvet back. Likely belonged to a
wealthy owner.
Jacobean Stool
Jacobean Settle
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William Mary Style (1700-1725)

• Somewhat of a continuation of the late Jacobean
  style for elegance.
• Named after Englands king queen from
  1689-1694.
• This style began in England in 1700 spread to
  American colonies.

Note King William and Queen Mary ruled
England from 1688 to 1702. William of Orange was
Dutch, SO now a greater Dutch influence entering
into English life through the furniture.
Not only Dutch, but French influence also found
in the William and Mary period. William III spoke
French in preference to English and Dutch
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William Mary Style (1700-1725)

• Introduction of the highboya tall chest of
  drawers, lowboylow chest of drawers.
• These were novel essentially because they sat on
  high elaborate shaped legs in comparison to
  previous period where the chest sat close to the
  ground on squat, short legs.
• Introduction of the shaped or spooned chair
  backdesigned to fit a persons back. Until this
  time, the chair backs ran straight up down,
  perpendicular to the chair seat.

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Characteristics of William Mary Style

• Graceful slender design, with elegant lines
  curves
• Pieces were tall w/long, thin legs, creating a
  delicate appearance
• Wood choice of Walnut Maple
• Predominantly turned, rounded legs with a ball at
  the foot.
• Chairs reflected a strong Asian influence.
  Curved seat backs, seats woven from rushesstems
  of marsh plantsas these were more comfortable
  than the wooden plank seats
• Gate leg tablew/legs on each side that swing out
  to support drop leaves which are pulled from the
  sides

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High Back Upholstered Chair, 1700.Beech, carved,
painted and gilded, with modern upholstery.
High Cane Back Chair, 1695-1705.Walnut, carved
and turned, with cane seat and back.
Walnut Settee, 1695.Walnut legs and beech frame
upholstery in embroidery of wool and silk, the
back and sides covered in glazed wool, the
cushions lined with kid skin.The upholstered
cover is decorated with cross stitch embroidery
with a floral pattern imitating damask, a woven
fabric. The legs and stretchers between them are
carved and turned walnut, ebonized (painted black
to look like ebony), with traces of gold
stenciling.
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Cabinet on Stand, c.1695.
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Queen Anne Style (1720-1755)Influenced by the
Netherlands Asia

• The Age of England
• Importance of beautiful furniture to the
  successful people outside of the royal, noble
  family. Popular style amongst middle class.
• Queen Anne pieces met needs of comfortability,
  affordability, and elegance.
• Popular even todaybecause pieces are small
  enough, light enough, and comfortable enough to
  fit todays homes in style lifestyles.
• William Mary furniture built on straight lines
• Queen Anne on curved lines
• move towards more refined, delicate, and
  "humanized" furniture on a less grand scale.

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Characteristics of Queen Anne

• "Queen Anne Legs -- Cabriole legs
• The major element of Queen Anne chairs, for
  stands, and other furniture.
• Cabriole legs are gentle, restrained, useful, and
  well-proportioned
• Whereas French furniture is more extravagant and
  elaborate
• Hoof shaped, scrolled feet
• Later, the chairs evolved in style
• Stretcher tying the legs of the earlier Queen
  Anne chairs disappears, and without this framing
  the cabriole leg becomes heavier and has a bolder
  sweep to its curve.
• 1710--No longer hoof shaped, scrolled feet BUT
  club, and claw and ball feet.
• NOW--Cabriole legs show carved knees, sometimes
  with a husk and later with a shell motif, and the
  carving is sometimes mirrored on the center of
  the seat rail.

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• Introduction of arm chairs with wings, high and
  low
• Velvet covering or needlework
• Their carving was gilded or painted in imitation
  of contemporary French chairs of similar wingback
  design.
• Choice of wood Walnut
• Although oak, beech and other woods easy at hand
  to the village craftsmen were employed.

• Note
• Fashionable of that time period to match the
  upholstery of the wing chairs with the curtains
  and hangings found in their rooms.

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Queen Anne Style (1720-1755)

• Included Gesso Design furniture

Gesso - composition which applied as a coating to
tables, mirror frames, etc. This preparation
could be elaborately and very beautifully carved,
and the scrolls and acanthus leaves that were
expressed softly and delicately in gesso were
gilded (covered/painted with gold).
Gesso Design Furniture                            
                                  
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Upholstered Walnut Wing Back Chair, 1720.
Chair, 1725
Queen Anne Chair, circa 1700 with curved back, in
beech with "Chinese" painting and hoofed front
feet.
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Early Georgian (1714-1760)

• King George I II from 1714-1760
• Golden Age of furniture design
• Start of the dominant British Empire on which the
  sun never set.
• More opulent and lavish design demands had
  increased by now however, during Early Georgian
  (George I II), little change occurred in
  furniture design.
• Queen Anne period furniture persisted
• Early Georgian furniture bears strong resemblance
  to Queen Anne due to very little change

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Noticeable changes from Queen Anne

• Basic design did not change, BUT the workmanship
  did change!
• Change in the way the furniture was ornamented.
• The replacement of walnut by mahogany wood from
  the New World
• Mahogany--- tough, very strong, long lasting and
  having close grain.
• ---great for intricate carving
• ---less prone to infestation, didn't scratch,
  crack, or warp, didn't need varnishing, and its
  dark reddish color suited the design temperament
  of the early Hanoverian age.
• Queen Annes cabriole leg replaced by a lower,
  heavier, squatter version of the same style
• Often, this period referred as the Decorated
  Queen Anne period.

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• The intricate carvings led to opulent motifsa
  striking characteristic of this period
• Note Certain motifs dominated at certain times,
  so we can actually distinguish the period by the
  motif
• 1714Eagle periodarms often carved in the form
  of eagles head
• 1720Lion periodarms in lion head, lion paws for
  feet
• 1730Satyr periodsatyr faces carved on different
  parts of furniture of all kind
• 1740Cabochon periodgem cut into a convex curved
  shape

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Early-Mid-Late Georgian

• Palladian style dominated during Early Georgian
• Italianate architectural ideas of Andrea
  Palladio, an Italian architect of the 16th
  century, called Palladianism
• Rococo came to dominate the Mid Georgian era in
  England
• Neoclassical dominated during Late Georgian

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Rococo Style Armchair, 1755, in limewood and
pine, carved and gilded, by Mathias Lock.
Early Georgian Bookcase by John Channon, 1740.
Early Georgian Side Table, A more feminine, less
architectural model. With scagliola (imitation
marble) top, c.1735.
Italian Palladian Console Table by William Kent,
c. 1730.
Mahogany with inlay Wash Table by James Stuart,
c.1760, one of the earliest examples of
neoclassical furniture in England.
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Late Georgian period (1760-1811)

• King George III (the King of England during the
  American Revolution)
• Major change in design important role of the
  Cabinetmaker
• Rather than naming a style after the monarchy of
  the period, this is the start of referring of
  furniture by the designer maker!

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The Great English Cabinetmakers

• Thomas Chippendale
• A great adaptertook the best ideas of the world,
  added some of his own ideas, and gave it a
  Masters final touch to the final product.
• NOT a great innovator as he took styles of
  others, and adapted to the needs/desires of his
  clients.
• A great businessmanadvertised and marketed his
  design and products well, wrote a book of his
  furniture designs
• The wealthy wanted Chippendale as their
  cabinetmaker/designer
• Chippendale became a Brand name, a valuable asset
  in England

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Chippendale Style (1755-1780)

• Many of the Chippendale furniture was not
  designed by Thomas Chippendale himself
• Many other cabinetmakers bought his book, used it
  as the furniture bible, copied his ideas
• Chippendale started with Early Georgian designs,
  adapted by simplifying their lines, lightening
  their look, gave them more grace charm

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Influences in Chippendale Designs

• Modern 18th century RococoFrench Influence of
  Louis XV
• Chairs have carved backs from Mahogany whereas
  MOST French chairs featured upholstered backs!
• Chinese (Chinese Chippendale)
• In chair backs
• Tops resembled pagoda roof
• Backs included intricate Chinese design
• Chinese railing and lattice work
• Straight legs for chairs tables
• Chinese style foot on casepieces
• Gothic influence
• Gothic imitation of tracery / patterns used in
  the splats of the chairs.

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Mediterranean Style

• During the Renaissance Era
• Near/along the Mediterranean coast of
  Europemainly Italy Spain
• Characteristics
• Heavy, nothing delicate about it, solid,
  square-like, built to last
• Made of ornately carved wood
• Spanish Mediterraneanoften featured leather
  decorated w/metal nail heads

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Mission Style
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Related Sites

• http//www.furniturestyles.net/
• http//www.furniturestyles.net/cgi-bin/pro/emAlbum
  .cgi
• http//chicagohomeandgardensource.com/
• http//www.homedecorators.com/
• http//www.lampsplus.com/
• http//www.doti.com/
• http//www.interiordesign.net