B-physics Overview

1
B-physics Overview

• NIKHEF Jaarvergadering
• Nijmegen
• 21-22 December 2004
• Niels Tuning
• on behalf of the B-physics group

2
LHCb migration of people
Niels

• Graduated last Friday!
• Niels van Bakel
• Sander Klous almost
• New job in Lausanne!
• Jeroen van Hunen
• Visiting engineering student from China
• Senlong Shao
• New AIO/OIOs
• Aras Papadelis
• Edwin Bos
• Visiting physicists
• Yuri Gouz
• Seva Souvorov

The Silicon Vertex Detector for LHCb
Jeroen
Aras
Edwin
Seva
Eduardo
Besma
3
Outline

• HERA-B
• BaBar
• Highlights
• News
• Our contribution
• LHCb (? see also Bart Hommels)
• General
• Vertex Locator
• Outer Tracker
• Tracking
• Trigger (? see Bart Hommels)

4
HERA-B

• Data taking upto March 2003
• Minimum bias
• Dilepton triggered data

200 106 events on C,Ti,W 1000 ev/s gt 1TB/day
150 106 dilepton trigger events 300 000 J/?
(gt1000 per hour) 15 000 ?c 5 000 ?(2S)
5
Analysing many topics
Antonello Sbrizzi

• Pentaquark searches (pKs, Xp) (PRL 93, 2004,
  212003-1)
• Inclusive b?b cross section
• Upper limit on BR(D0?mm-)
  (Phys.Lett.B596173-183,2004)
• And lots of other analyses
• ? cross section
• Production of f and K mesons
• y(2S) production
• D/D0 production ratio
• J/y cross section in MB
• Hard photon production
• L polarization
• cc production
• A dependence charmonium production
• J/y differential distributions
• V0 and hyperon production

Hernan Wahlberg
6
Pentaquarks - History
Kn hep-ex/0301020
Laser Electron Photon Facility at SPring-8

• Claims
• LEPS (Osaka)
• ? 12C with E? ? 2.4 GeV
• Kn resonance at 1540 MeV (4.6 s)
• T ?sudud pentaquark??
• Observed by 12 experiments
• NA49 (CERN)
• pp at ?s 17.1 GeV
• ?-p- resonance at 1862 MeV (4.0 s)
• ?3/2 ?udsds pentaquark??
• ?-p resonance at 1864 MeV
• ?03/2 ?dusds pentaquark??

?p hep-ex/0310014
7
?,?-- Searches
PRL 93, 2004, 212003-1
Counts
mass GeV/c2
UL(95)B?d?/dyy0 4-16 ?b/N _at_
1521-1555MeV/c2 ?/?(1520) lt 3 12 (HERMES
?/?(1520) ?300)
Bottom line HERA-B does not see evidence for
pentaquarks
8
?bb production
b(?b) ? B0 ? J/?X J/? ? mm-,ee-
Measurement relative to direct J/? production to
minimize trigger/reconstruction uncertainties
?R relative efficiency?1
B Selection Lepton impact to the wire Distance
of J/? to wire
B selection eff. from MC 30-45
9
?bb production

• Main contribution to unc
• Br(bb?J/?X) 2.32?0.20
• E771/E789 scaled to 41.6 GeV
• ?(J/?)357 2 36 nb/nucleon

HERA-B 2000
NLO calculations

• HERA-B measurements agree
• Measurements constrain the theory

10
HERA-B Summary

• Preliminary results on most topics presented at
  conferences (gt40)
• 2 papers published (BR(D0?mm-), pentaquark)
• Publication on advanced analyses in preparation
• (bb, U, D/D0, f/K, J/y, y(2S),...)
• Analysis will continue until end 2005

11
Next

• HERA-B
• BaBar
• Highlights
• News
• Our contribution
• LHCb (? see also Bart Hommels)
• General
• Vertex Locator
• Outer Tracker
• Tracking
• Trigger (? see Bart Hommels)

12
CP violation - Overview
Angle ?C 63
Cabibbo
CKM param 83
LHCb 2007
CP-violation 64
Baryon ass. 66
3 q gen. CKM 73
3 q gen. CKM 73
Fitch
Sacharov
Kobayashi
Maskawa
Wolfenstein
Nakada
Homework Is Wolfenstein Japanese? SMS y/n
06-26628355
13
What do we measure?
We measure quark couplings There is a complex
phase in couplings! Visible when there are 2
amplitudes
matter
anti-matter
G( B? f) A1A2ei(fd)2 G(?B??f)
A1A2ei(-fd)2
Proof of existence of complex numbers
14
BaBar at PEP-II
SVT 97 efficiency, 15 mm z hit
resolution SVTDCH ?(pT)/pT 0.13 ? pT
0.45 DIRC K-? separation 4.2 ? _at_ 3.0
GeV/c ? 2.5 ? _at_ 4.0 GeV/c EMC ?E/E
2.3 ?E-1/4 ? 1.9
15
News

• Serious accident in september
• In the Linac klystron gallery
• Start of DOE investigation ongoing
• Startup of accelerator may happen in January
• Muon upgrade
• Need 5 months
• When finish muon upgrade??
• Impact on B?Kµµ- ( Rare decay, BR 10-7) ?
• Dont lag behind Belle

Mail from Dec. 16th This plan continues to aim
at a January startup of PEP-II operation
Belle
BaBar
16
BaBar What is NIKHEF doing?

• Common Tasks
• Tracking software
• Global Alignment of vertex detector
• Beam spot determination
• Online calibration vertex detector
• Event store migration
• MC production GRID

17
This years update luminosity until ICHEP04

• PEP-II delivered 117 fb-1 for Run 4
• sep 2003 - aug 2004
• 100 fb-1 was promised / expected from John
  Seemans scenario
• A total lumi of 220 fb-1 recorded on the ?(4S)
  peak
• ? 240M BB pairs

Seeman scenario for 2004
PEP-II Records
Peak luminosity 0.92x1034 cm-2 s-
Best day 710.5 pb-1
BABAR logged 246.4 fb-1
Expect to double again until 2006!! ? 0.5 ab-1
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I. Direct CP violation
CP violation if G( B0? f) ? G(?B0??f ) But
need 2 amplitudes ? interference
Amplitude 2
Amplitude 1

Only different if both d and ? are ?0 ! ? G( B0?
f) ? G(?B0??f )
19
First observation of Direct CPV in B decays
Average

• Submitted to PRL on July 30th 2004 3 weeks
  after data taking

20
B0?Kp and B??K?p0

• Redo the experiment with B? instead of B0

B0?Kp
3.6s ?
B?Kp

• d or u spectator quark whats the difference ??

21
II. Time dependent CP violation
If final state is CP eigenstate then 2 amplitudes
from mixing B0?f and B0??B0?f B0 -?B0
oscillation is periodic in time ? CP violation
time dependent
Amplitude 2
Amplitude 1

e-if
(ieip/2? d90o) (f2ß)
22
New Precision Measurement of sin(2b)
Maarten Bruinsma BABAR PUB-04/038
BABAR
BABAR
Update for ICHEP04
2002 result (0.4 x statistics)
23
sin2b vs non-CP CKM constraints
sin2ß in excellent agreement with the rest! (rest
)
2s
24
III. b-s penguin
Asymmetry in SM
B0?J/?KS
?

• unless there is new physics
• New particles (also heavy) can show up in loops
• Can affect the branching ratio
• And can introduce additional phase and affect the
  asymmetry

25
What happened to the CP asymmetry in B?FKs ??

• Pure penguin diagram
• SM expect to measure sin2ß0.73 0.04
• Relative contribution of eg. SUSY potentially
  large

(B0?J/?KS )

• LP03
• Belle S -0.96 0.51 3.5 sigma
  away from SM
• BaBar S 0.45 0.43

• ICHEP04
• Belle S 0.06 0.33
• BaBar S 0.50 0.25

New Phases from New Physics?
Belle
26
Outlook of our analyses
Hella Snoek Max Baak Leif Wilden

• Analysis of time-dependent CP with B?D()p
  published
• First published constraint on sin(2bg)
• See Max talks last year
• Phys. Rev. Lett 92 2004251801
• Analysis of wrong sign amplitude in B?J/yK
  published
• No wrong sign amplitude observed
• J/y KS and J/y KL do measure the same sin(2b)
• As expected
• Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 2004081808
• Extend B?D()p analysis with D()r, r?p0p,
  p0?gg
• angular analysis of Dr to measure polarization
• Important test of factorization in B decays
• extract sin(2bg)
• Search for B?D()a0, a0?hp, h?gg
• Rare decay
• a0 has tiny decay constant!

27
What can LHCb add ??

• In LHCb we have B0s
• NIKHEF channels

• Bs0? DsK
• Bs0? J/?(µµ-) f
• B0 ? Xsµµ-

Jeroen van Tilburg Besma Mcharek
Sander Klous Jan Amoraal
Marko Zupan
28
CKM angle g B0?Dp and Bs0? DsK
Hella Snoek Max Baak Leif Wilden
Bd0? D()p
?small interference ( small asymmetry!)
gtgt
Jeroen van Tilburg Besma Mcharek
Bs0? DsK
?larger interference ( large asymmetry!)
?

• Bs0? DsK annual yield estimate 5400 events

29
CKM angle g
?2ß

• g not well constrained by BaBar with B?D()p
• See Max talks last year
• Phys. Rev. Lett 92 2004251801

• g sensitivity at LHCb
• Bs?DsK 14o
• (using Bs?J/?f for ?)

?
30
B0s?J/?f
Sander Klous Jan Amoraal
B0s?J/?f
fd 2ß sin2ß 0.73
fs -2? sin2? 0.04

• Measure angle ?
• Very small in SM
• Any asymmetry means new physics
• Golden decay
• Like B0?J/?KS
• Almost pure tree diagram
• Annual yield estimate 100k events

31
b-s penguin B0s?Xsµµ
Marko Zupan
03 December 2004

• Rare decay!
• E.g. BRSM(B0s?Ksµµ) 1.2 0.4 10-6
• New physics might appear in loops
• Annual yield estimate 9500 events

32
Reconstruction/Tracking
Jeroen van Tilburg Gabriel Ybeles Smit Eduardo
Rodrigues
(Needed for mass resolution!)
(Needed for proper time resolution!)
33
LHCb
OT
VELO

• Reconstruction
• OT simulation 100
• Pattern recogn. 50
• Kalman fit 100
• Online tracking 25

• OT
• Modules 50
• Materials 100
• Tooling 80
• FE electronics100
• Frames 100

34
LHCb

• General status of the detector
• Design ? see Bart Hommels
• Trigger ? see Bart Hommels
• Status in the pit
• Beampipe produced
• Magnet installed and aligned
• Muon filter being constructed
• NIKHEF involvement
• (Tracking and reconstruction)
• (Physics selections)
• Vertex Locator
• Outer Tracker

35
LHCb under construction

• Kachelpijp
• Be
• 1st piece delivered (2m)
• other pieces AlBe

• Magnet
• dipole
• warm Al conductor
• 4 Tm integrated field
• 4.2 MW
• 1450 t yoke
• aligned to 1 mm

• MuonCalorimeter
• muon filter being built
• One of most sophisticated piece of equipment
• calorimeter behind that

36
VELO

• Vacuum vessel and bellow
• RF-foil design and construction
• Test beam shifts and analysis
• Readout chip (Beetle)
• CO2 cooling

Vacuum tank
RF foil
Test beam
Cooling
37
VELO RF foil

• Important piece!
• Radiation length close to vertex
• Impact on proper time resolution
• Mechanically very challenging
• Sensor redesign at the corners
• ? 300 µm Al
• RD is ongoing to try 200 µm

38
VELO Bellow

• VELO is moved out during LHC injection
• (Remember the VELO is in vacuum)

39
VELO test beam

• Crucial to investigate chips and sensor
  thickness!
• Tested 4 different Beetle flavors
• Choice between 200 µm or 300 µm Si to be made
  soon
• 200 µm low bias voltage, longer lifetime, less
  radiation damage, less X0
• 300 µm higher S/N !

8 mm from beam
Niels van Bakel Sander Klous Aras Papadelis
40
VELO 200 µm sensor

• Very preliminary result
• 200 µm sensor has large S/N
• Beetle chips perform well!
• Very similar
• Analysis ongoing
• Resolution vs incident angle
• Efficiencies

Beetle 1.5
Beetle 1.4
Beetle 1.3
41
The Outer Tracker
6 m
5 m

• 3 stations
• 1 station 4 layers x-u-v-x
• 1 layer 2 straw-monolayers
• ? 720 m2 of straw surface

42
The Outer Tracker

• Cracow straw-support panels
• Warsaw 120 short modules
• Heidelberg 60 long modules
• NIKHEF 120 long modules
• ( 50 of surface)
• Total nr of straws
• 53.760
• ? Half is made at NIKHEF

Length 5 m
43
OT Module Construction

• December 2004 produced 36 / 120 30
• 50 milestone challenging

44
OT Module Production

Cutting Straws
Straws aligned on template
Panel on straws
Glue on panel
45
The Wiring
46
The Wire
30 modules finished without problems and
then damaged Au plating on tungsten wire
Microscope
Dark current under 1600 V
Good wire
good wire
Bad wire

• Company sent new wire keep fingers crossed
• (preliminary
  tests are encouraging!)

47
OT - Quality Assurance
Peter Vankov Jacopo Nardulli Edwin Bos

• Wire Tension 70 g
• Dark Current 2 nA
• Gas Tightness 10-4 l/s
• Response to 90Sr 5
• Last 25 modules
• 3 bad wires
• 0.05

OK

• Findings
• Bad wire quality
• Leaky gluing procedure
• Bad gas flow in Heidelberg modules
• Bad soldering of connectors
• Missing wire locators

48
Final module check 90Sr

• Measure currents originating from ß-source
• Very accurate diagnostics!
• Full scan of the entire module
• Every cm2 of the OT is checked

Examples
? Current (nA)
Wire locators
? Position
5 meter
49
Frames
Picture from last week
50
OT Medium Scale Test

• Construct a ¼ station
• Test mechanics
• Fit cables, cooling, gas pipes,
• Test grounding scheme
• Test multi-module readout system

C-frame Outer tracker ¼ station
51
C-frame

• Plan to hang 10-20 modules (with electronics!)
• (and HV cable)

52
Bezuinigingen
Courtesy of Antonio Pellegrino
shit
Tom

• Saved 200m HV cable from scrap yard!
• ? 6 CHF/ m

Smuggled with camper of Fam. Sluijk
Item Estimated Bezuinigd
200m cable 786.8 786.8
Material Handling 50.0 50.0
Shipping Cost 150.0 150.0
986.8 986.8
Ria
Kindly credit 247 EUR (25 of save) to OT Budget
39200 or equally well (possibly better) to
43.40.72.648!!!
53
Summary

• HERA-B
• First publications
• Analyses proceeding
• BaBar
• Discovery of direct CP violation in B-system
• In trouble after serious accident Restart in
  January?
• LHCb
• VELO
• RF foil, Vacuum Vessel, Bellow OK
• NEXT Sensor thickness?
• OT
• Module Production OK
• Electronics almost OK
• Reconstruction/Physics