LARP Accelerator Systems Overview: How are we doing?

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LARP Accelerator Systems OverviewHow are we
doing?
US LHC Accelerator Research Program
bnl - fnal- lbnl - slac

• Vladimir Shiltsev

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Content

• Whats new after October05 Collaboration Meeting
• LARP Org Chart changes, communication, DocDB
• FY06 Budget spendings to date
• RC review Lumi Review
• DoE Review Nov05 ? LARPAC May06 ? DoE Review
  Jun06
• RD Progress
• Instrumentation
• Commissioning
• Collimation
• Accelerator Physics
• New Proposals

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Accelerator Systems Org Chart
Changes Wolfram to lead AP

• Be discussed at this meeting
• Finish some L3 tasks
• Introduce new L3 tasks
• any org structure for new initiatives?

4
Communication/Coordination

• Communication within LARP
• VideoConf of all AS L2sSteve once/mos
• One-on-one meetings (site visits, reviews, etc)
  once/qrtr
• Collaboration meetings twice/year
• Communication with CERN
• First long-termers (P.Limon et al)
• Visits (HC, BC, Instr, etc) gt1/mos
• Workshops (e.g. TAN) and reviews (e.g. RC)
  once/qrtr
• US-CERN meetings once/yr
• LARP Doc DB is functioning
• 180 docs uploaded from Oct05-Apr06

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FY06 Accelerator Systems Budget
Pete got extra 150k to cover past investments
BNL BC funds redistributed to FNAL and LBL ? -60k
RC hardware start delayed ? -350k
Nick got extra 50k for PhII irradition
extra 30k To build BB-Wires
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Accel.Syst. Spendings
1.2M/3.6M33 thru ½ year Mar.31, 2006 (compare
with 45 MAG)
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That tops the list of my worries

• Make sure that we achieve all milestones
• And spend approx as planned
• Reviews
• Be prepared and pass numerous reviews (small and
  big one)
• Next year planning/budget
• Have clear understanding of what will we do next
  year
• New initiatives
• Should always have a healthy pressure of new
  proposals
• Now anticipate some freed after diagnostics
  development and fabrication finished in 2007
• This collaboration meeting is to address all
  that
• L2s will report Friday

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Speaking of Reviews Nov05 DoE

• The review committee was very pleased with the
  presentations on beam instrumentation and
  accelerator physics. In addition, they found the
  idea of participation in the development of a
  remote control room a very interesting
  possibility for enhancing interactions with CERN
  from afar via the Fermilab project LHC_at_FNAL.
• Plans for commissioning of LHC hardware are
  already being implemented, with the first U.S.
  staff member (Peter Limon) already stationed at
  CERN. It was reported by management that U.S.
  laboratories will provide staffing for this
  effort, and, in fact, FNAL has committed seven
  persons to this task. LARP and CERN will cover
  costs of travel and additional living expenses in
  the Geneva area.
• Finally, the committee again emphasized its
  displeasure with the lack of formality in
  dealings of LARP, and strongly recommended a more
  effective bookkeeping system for managing
  expenses and progress on all active tasks, and a
  person who would be responsible for implementing
  such a system.

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Internal Reviews by External Reviewers

• Rotating Collimator-1 CDR Review
• December 2005, chaired by W.Turner
• OK, advised to design jaw support before cut
  iron
• Luminsoity Monitor Final Design Review
• April 2006, chaired by T.OShea
• All positive, technical risks low to medium

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TCFB on RHIC ramp
P.Cameron
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Luminosity Monitor - I

• The only real-time bunch-by-bunch luminosity
  measurement in the LHC
• 25 ns bunch spacing, 1 resolution
• RD phase has been completed
• Demonstrated 40 MHz performance using ALS X-ray
  beamline
• Beam test planned for RHIC run VI
• System intragation planning at CERN
• TAN instrumentation workshop on March 10
• Final Design Review at LBL
• Monday April 24

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Luminosity Monitor - II

• Technical Challenges
• Extremely high radiation levels
• up to 250 Grad
• Signal processing to avoid pileup
• 25 ns bunch spacing
• Status
• Completed RD and FDR
• Project Milestones
• Final Design Review (Apr 06)
• System test at RHIC (Summer 06)
• Four systems complete (Winter 06-07)
• Installation and integration support (07)

DAQ TAN
FE electronics
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LHC 4.8 GHz Schottky Design
R.Pasquinelli A.Jansson

• Remarkable Progress
• Final drawings ready for CERN inspection
• Data acquisition issues discussed at Apr25 mtg
  at LBL
• Next revision of EDMS is needed
• Final Design Review 06/19/06 at CERN

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LARP Hardware Commissioning Tasks
Installation Oversight

• Since DOE Review Last Fall
• First USLHC String
  (Q1-Q3/Feedbox/D1) transported to tunnel
• LARP Oversight and technology transfer for USLHC
  interconnects
• Transportation and Installation of Second IR
  quad/DFBX/D1 on going.
• Limited LARP oversight planned for all US
  deliverable installations

Photos from Jan 2006 IR 8L installation
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LARP Hardware Commissioning Tasks

• Commissioning of US Deliverables and General HC

• LARP commissioners receive Project Associate
  status, join a CERN group (AT/ACR or AT/MEL) for
  nominally one year and contribute to the groups
  general HC responsibilities as well as US
  deliverables.
• Short term HC support from US experts as needed

• One commissioner stationed at CERN now. 3-4
  additional to follow in the fall of 2006.
• Peak participation coincides with anticipated
  peak commissioning period FY07.

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Beam Commissioning Status

• Several US visitors to CERN in January/February
  06
• Nearly continuous presence for 6 weeks
• Chamonix workshop
• Beam Commissioning logistics
• Software
• CCC opening
• get to know LHC beam principals
• Informal review of LHC Beam Commissioning
  structure completed
• (results presented at this meeting)
• Beam Commissioning Expression of Interest
• (to be introduced at this meeting)
• Refining areas of involvement, beginning to
  assign names/share with CERN counterparts
• Gearing up for LARP presence during SPS running,
  more so for Sector test
• More detail in Breakout session

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LHC_at_FNAL Status

• Committees work complete
• Endorsement received from
• Fermilab Directorate
• Affected Fermilab Divisions/Sections (AD, PPD,
  CD, FESS)
• LARP management
• CMS management
• Construction plans in development
• Funds set aside/awaiting DOE approval
• Center planned to be open in September 2006
• More detail in Breakout session

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Status of Phase II Rotating Collimator Project at
10-06-2005 Pheasant Run LARP Mtg.

• SLAC and CERN agree on an initial set of
  specifications for the first mechanical prototype
  RC1
• Put a new vacuum tank with cylinder jaws that
  fits LHC spatial constraints on a CERN Phase I
  base and use CERN Phase I scheme for jaw
  alignment and cooling input
• Provide 12kW cooling to each 136mm x 95cm jaw
  through flexible tubing
• Relax 25um flatness tolerance but provide
  flexible jaw support and a central stop mechanism
  to ensure thermal bowing is AWAY from beam
• 400 um sagitta for 1 hr beam lifetime engineering
  steady state
• 1200 um sagitta for 12min beam lifetime 10 second
  transient

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Progress since 10-06-2005

• RC1 Prototype Conceptual Design Report
• reviewed and accepted by CERN and suggestions
  incorporated
• independent review 12/15/05
• Lou Bertolini-LLNL, Alex Makarov-FNAL, Bill
  Turner (LBL)
• Major Findings Fine, but .
• Do not cut metal until jaw support and stop
  scheme developed
• In progress
• Check thin-Cu over Stainless for performance v No
  improvement
• Increase engineering effort
• Full time engineer (Steve Lundgren) and designer
  hired 3 April
• Current Activities
• Braze tests of cooling coils beginning
• Prep for full cooling deformation tests
• Acquisition of Phase I support mover assemblies
• Redrawing of CERN parts for US fabrication

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FY06 Goals of Phase II Rotating Collimator
Project and Beyond

• Work Plan outlined 10/6/2005
• Single jaw thermal test one jaw with internal
  helical cooling channels to be thermally loaded
  for testing the cooling effectiveness and
  measuring thermal deformations.
• Full RC1 prototype a working prototype for bench
  top testing of the jaw positioning mechanism,
  supported to simulate operation in all necessary
  orientations, but not intended for mounting on
  actual beamline supports with actual beamline,
  cooling, control and instrumentation connections.
• Deliverables listed 10/6/2005
• Final version of RC1 CDR Awaiting
  support/stopper design
• External review of RC1 CDR v
• Performance report on RC1
• Progress delayed 6 months due to reviews
  manpower issues
• New Plan Slip schedule 6 months
• Single jaw tests, support/stopper design
  write-up by EOFY06
• RC1 performance report by mid FY07
• 400k returned to LARP management in FY06
  adjustment
• Expect slippage of Jan 2008 beam-testable RC2
  delivery consistent with CERNs latest schedule

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PHASE-I Irradiation and Analysis of 2D
Carbon-Carbon at BNLGOALS Determine resilience
of 2D CC against irradiation damage and assess
how the critical property of thermal expansion
changes with irradiation
Material Irradiation Studies
assembly
irradiation
Post-irradiation Analysis
RESULT PHASE-I 2D Carbon-Carbon self anneals
irradiation ramage through thermal cycling in
both strong and weak directions. Therefore, it is
expected to meet the 25 micron condition set as
goal
Phase-II LHC Collimator Material Irradiation
Planned for May 2006

• Primary Materials Annealed Copper and Glidcop
  (85 Cu 15 Al)
• Other Potential Candidates Super Invar, Gum
  Metal, 3D Carbon-Carbon

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E-cloud since last Mtg

• Completed updated simulations of ecloud power
  deposition in LHC dipoles
• M. Furman and V. Chaplin, PRST-AB 9, 034403
  (March 20, 2006)
• Tedious exploration of parameter space with 2D
  code POSINST (see below)
• Peak SEY dmax now constrained to be lt1.2 for
  nominal intensity bunch spacing
• Code improvements
• 3D self-consistent code (WARP/POSINST)
• Jean-Luc Vay (LBNL) now 20 LARP funded (starting
  FY06)
• Initial qualitative results for one bunch in one
  FODO cell (LARP mtg, Apr. 05)
• New results for a train of 5 bunches with more
  detailed model (see below)
• Code improvements
• RHIC studies
• Feb. 2006 two CERN e detectors installed (some
  not LARP funded, but important)
• Common pipe region in IP10, warm section
• Polarized proton beams for this run
• Ping He doing RHIC simulations calibration
  barely started

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Sample simulation ecloud at LHC dipoles(Furman
and Chaplin, PRST-AB 9, 034403)

• ecloud power deposition
• POSINST code
• LHC arc dipole magnet
• key parameters Nb, tb, dmax
• current result dmaxmust be lt1.2-1.3 (achievable
  but not easy)

cooling capacity available for EC power
deposition
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Sample 3D self-consistent simulations
(WARP/POSINST)(courtesy J.-L. Vay)

• LHC FODO cell
• can now follow batch of bunches with photo- e
  and secondary e
• snapshot from run with 5 bunches

• Benchmark code against HCX experiment (LBNL)
• expt. and sim. agree quantitatively on
  characteristics of e oscillations observed in
  magnetic quadrupole flooded with electrons

WARP/POSINST-3D T 4.65?s
WARP/POSINST-3D T 0.3?s
Electrons bunching
experiment simulation
Beam ions hit end plate
Oscillations
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Future Plans

• 3D self-consistent simulations
• Study long-term behavior of beam
• This is a nontrivial exercise that may require
  code improvements
• Main new concern slow emittance growth
  (Benedetto et. al. PRSTAB 8 124402 (2005) et.
  seq.)
• Also address old concern (ecloud-induced
  head-tail instability)
• Summer student to come to LBNL for 12 weeks this
  summer
• Simulate optimal conditioning scenario for LHC
• Understand leftover details from SPS measurements
• Contribute (time permitting) to 3D
  self-consistent simulations
• RHIC
• Analyze collected data obtained with CERN
  detectors
• Complete simulations
• Understand ecloud sensitivities and correlate
  them to other observables (eg., P rise)

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IR Layouts
Baseline Layout Quads first Too many
parasitics Dipoles first layout Early
separation but .
Doublets
Triplets
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IR Optics Issues
IR Magnet apertures and fields Energy
Deposition Major issue in all optics, but
dipole designs more challenging. Beam-beam
interactions Demonstration of wire
compensation would favor quads 1st. Chromaticity
and Nonlinear Correctors Corrector
strengths lower with quads 1st but independent
control of 2 beams with dipoles 1st. Luminosity
gain with lower L Larger gain with quads
1st. Flux jumps in IR magnets Chromaticity
jumps small (2 units) with ?b3 1 in both
optics if spurious dispersion in IR is controlled
to 1cm at IP. Nonlinear effects need to be
studied
Pole tip field T Aperture mm
Quads 1st Dipoles 1st triplets Dipoles 1st doublets 10 11 10 101 107 104
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Beam-beam experiments, simulations

• RHIC beam-beam experiments in April 2006
• Motivation Test of wire compensation in
  2007
• Determine if a single parasitic at top
  energy causes beam losses that need to be
  compensated. Similar experiment done last year at
  injection energy - found strong effects at
  separations 6s.
• 2 experiments done so far April 5th, April
  12th
• Analysis to be presented by W. Fischer
• Beam-beam simulations of 2006 experiments
• Motivation Tests and improvements of
  codes, predictions of observations in 2006 and of
  wire compensation
• Four groups
• FNAL V. Ranjbar, T. Sen SLAC A.
  Kabel LBL J. Qiang University of Kansas J.
  Shi
• Website http//www-ap.fnal.gov/tsen/RHIC
• for information exchange and results

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Beam-beam simulation results
No sextupoles
Kansas
Relative Lifetime
LBL
Emittance growth
FNAL
Losses
SLAC
BBSIM (VR, TS) simulations for lifetime show a
linear dependence on separation
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RHIC long-range beam-beam compensator design
In CY06 construct and install a wire
compensator in RHIC, downstream of Q3 in IR6
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New Initiatives to discuss

• AC dipole
• dB/B measurements
• Crystal collimation
• Super-SyncLite
• e-lenses for Head-on B-B Compensation
• Crab cavities
• 1.5TeV Injector in LHC tunnel LER-LHC
• Optical Stochastic Cooling

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Common questions to answer

• Title/subject
• Leader and participants
• Objectives
• Deliverables
• Time scale/schedule
• Resources needed
• Addl man-power (and type eng, phys, techs)
• Travel
• Labor
• MS and Equipment

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There is very little time left
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so - Work hard and be inventive!
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Slides

• Back Ups

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Wire Beam-Beam Compensation Overall Plan

• FY2006
• Design and construct a wire compensator
• Install wire compensator in RHIC in summer 2006,
  downstream
• of Q3 in IR6
• Perform theoretical studies to test the
  compensation and robustness
• FY2007
• Study the wire compensation in RHIC with 1 proton
  bunch in each beam and nominal conditions at flat
  top and 1 parasitic interaction.
• Beam studies to test tolerances on beam-wire
  separation compared to beam-beam separation,
  wire current accuracy and
• current ripple
• FY2008
• Decide on scope of work for the LHC wire
  compensation

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Detail of flex cooling supply tube
Stub-shaft (bearing not shown)
Contiguous with helical tube inside jaw. Formed
after assembly-brazing of jaw and installation of
bearing on stub-shaft Exits through support shaft
per CERN design Material CuNi10Fe1, 10mm O.D.,
8mm I.D.
Relaxed (as shown) coils 4
Relaxed (as shown) O.D. 111mm (4.4in)
full 360 rotation coils 5
full 360 rotation O.D. 91mm (3.6in)
full 360 rotation torque 9.1N-m (81in-lb)
Support shaft
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1.3 LHC Collimation RD

• L2 Leader Tom Markiewicz (SLAC)
• FY06 budget 850 k
• Goals
• The LHC cleaning system must have exceptional
  efficiency to meet its design parameters,
  significantly beyond the state-of-the-art that is
  achieved in existing colliders. It is crucial for
  the success of the LHC that different paths are
  explored in order to optimize the design,
  hardware and operational procedures for the LHC
  collimation system. In view of the exceptional
  difficulty for the LHC it is essential to pursue
  parallel RD studies in- and outside of CERN. The
  phased approach for the LHC collimation system
  will allow to test various proposals and to
  implement the best solutions in an already
  defined upgrade path to nominal performance. The
  LHC Collimator RD will complement the work at
  CERN and will be performed in close
• L3 tasks
• Cleaning Efficiency Studies
• Rotating Collimators RD
• Tertiary Collimators Studies
• Material Irradiation Studies

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1.3.1 Cleaning Efficiency Studies

• L3 Leader Angelika Drees (BNL)
• FY06 budget 50 k
• Goals
• The ultimate goal of this sub program is to bench
  mark code(s), in particular SIXTRACKwColl, in a
  variety of aspects with RHIC beams.
• We plan to install and implement at BNL
  accelerator tracking code identical with the one
  used at CERN (K2, SIXTRACK with Collimators, i.e.
  SIXTRACKwColl) and perform simulations of
  collimation efficiencies and loss maps which will
  then be compared to simulation results from
  earlier studies done at RHIC with other codes
  (Teapot, K2, ACCSIM) and with data. Various data
  sets at two energies are available.
• During the RHIC proton run collimator setup
  procedures should be implemented into the RHIC
  control system and tested with beam under real
  operating conditions.

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Cleaning Efficiency Studies Overall Plan

• FY2006
• debug the code
• compare with other simulation and data, test
  setup procedures,
• finish reports

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1.3.2 Rotating Collimators

• L3 Leader Tom Markiewicz (SLAC)
• FY06 budget 720 k
• Goals
• The ultimate goal is a successful design for low
  impedance, high efficiency LHC secondary
  collimators. The design will be validated with a
  sufficient but small (1-3) number of prototypes
  and beam tests. The design specifications and
  the prototypes are the primary deliverables. The
  time scale is set by the desirability of testing
  the prototypes with LHC beam in 2008/09. Then,
  CERN will decide whether or not to proceed with
  the rotating collimator design. If a decision is
  made to proceed, this sub-project will provide an
  engineering drawing package to CERN and will
  support the effort to commission the collimators
  once they are manufactured and installed by CERN.

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June 15-17 CERN/SLAC Collaboration Meeting

• Attendees
• CERN Ralph Assmann (Project Leader, Tracking),
  Allesandro Bertarelli (Mechanical Eng.), Markus
  Brugger (Radiation Issues), Mario Santana (FLUKA)
  
• SLAC Tom Markiewicz, Eric Doyle (ME), Lew Keller
  (FLUKA), Yunhai Cai (Tracking), Tor Raubenheimer
• Radiation Physics Group Alberto Fasso, Heinz
  Vincke
• Results
• Agreement on basic design of RC1 (1st rotatable
  prototype)
• Transfer of many of CERN mechanical CAD files
• Lists of
• Further studies required
• Outstanding Engineering Issues requiring more
  design work
• Project Milestone List Action Items List
• Test Installation of New FLUKA

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Conceptual Design of RC1 (1 of 2)

• Mechanics must fit within CERN Phase I C-C
  envelope
• 224mm center-to-center with 88mm OD beampipes
• 1480mm longitudinal flange-to-flange
• 25mm adjustment/jaw (22.5mm relative to beam
  w/5mm allowed beam center motion
• and use Phase I alignment and adjustment scheme
• Two 75cm Cu cylindrical jaws with 10cm tapered
  ends, 95cm overall length with axes connected to
  vertical mover shafts
• 136mm OD with 9mm taper
• Each jaw end independently moved in 10um steps
• Vacuum vessel sized to provide 8mm clearance to
  adjacent beam and allow gross/fine 0, 45, 90
  positions
• Relaxed mechanical deformation specifications
• lt25 um INTO beam guaranteed by adjustable
  mechanical stop(s)
• Ride on groove deep enough to not be damaged in
  accident case
• Adjustable between 5 and 15 sigma (2-6mm)
  centered on beam
• lt325 um (750um) AWAY FROM beam _at_ 0.8E1p/s loss
  (4E11p/s)
• Flexible support on adjustment

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Proposed layout
136mm diameter x 950mm long jaws, vacuum
tank, jaw support mechanism and support base
derived from CERN Phase I
45
Adjustable gap-defining stop

• Stop prevents gap closing as jaw bows inward due
  to heat
• Jaw ends spring-loaded to the table assemby
  move outward in response to bowing
• May use two stops to control tilt
• Slot deep enough to avoid damage in accident
• Stop far enough from beam to never be damaged
  is out of way at injection

46
RF Contact Overview
47
LHC Phase I 2D carbon-carbon Irradiation Specimen
at BNL BLIP Facility
117 MeV or 200 MeV BNL LiNAC Protons (depending
on the isotope production requirements downstream)
Preliminary Assessment 2D CC specimens normal to
the planes of reinforcing fibers and close to the
center of the beam (receiving high dose)
experienced degradation. Less degradation was
seen in the specimens along the reinforcement.
? NOTE Total dose received MUCH HIGHER than
what LHC collimator jaws will see. Status Phase
I Carbon-Carbon irradiation completed Sample
activation measurements completed Thermal
Expansion of specimens started PLANNING of FY06
Post-Irradiation and Follow-up Irradiation Studies
48
Phase-II LHC Collimator Material Irradiation
Planned for May 2006

• Primary Materials
• Annealed Copper and Glidcop (85 Cu 15 Al)
• Other Potential Candidates Super Invar, Gum
  Metal,
• Also
• 2D Carbon-Carbon and 3D Carbon-Carbon

Test for physical properties (thermal
conductivity, thermal expansion) And Stress-Strain
(mechanical properties)
49
POST IRRADIATION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT PHASE-I
2D Carbon-Carbon Self Anneals Irradiation Damage
through thermal cycling in both strong and weak
directions. Therefore, it is expected to meet the
25 micron condition set as goal
Annealing along strong (fiber plane) direction
Annealing along weak direction
Shown is annealing under different levels of
irradiation damage
50
PHASE-I Irradiation and Analysis of 2D
Carbon-Carbon at BNLGOALS Determine resilience
of 2D CC against irradiation damage and assess
how the critical property of thermal expansion
changes with irradiation
Beam exposure and irradiation damage assessment
assembly
Post-irradiation Analysis
irradiation
At irradiation levels several orders of
magnitude than what the LHC collimator jaws will
see the 2D CC suffers structurally from
irradiation exposure
51
Physics Long Range _at_ RHIC
SPS t d5 measured 11/09/04 Tevatron
t d3 measured in HEP stores, TEL RHIC
t d4 or d2 measured 04/28/05, scan 4
52
AC dipole

• Recent results from the Tevatron
• Collaboration formed including Fermilab, BNL and
  CERN.
• Formal proposal for LHC at this meeting

First AC dipole data in the Tevatron
53
SyncLite Fiber ghost bunches measurement
(DeSantis, Byrd, Zolotorev)
5 105 protons emit 30 photons/turn in a 10
bandwidth. The electro-optic modulator/fast
pulser combination can map the entire LHC ring,
with the required resolution, every 500
orbits. In the allowed integration time, every
single 50 ps-long region is sampled 200 times. A
70 QE photodiode would accumulate gt4000
counts. We can estimate a total of -6/8 dB from
the coupling into the optical fiber and the
various insertion losses. Main noise sources are
the modulator extinction ratio ( 3 10-3) and the
photodiode dark current ( nA)
54

New Initiatives dB/B Fluctuations
Tevatron Stand-Alone Dipole measurements (Proc.
PAC01)

• LHC screen light and feels 20 K He flow
  turbulence
• B-flux is constant at 3kHz
• dB/B dR/R ? need
• dR lt 1A to blow horizontal emittance
• Can be measured at CERN MMF and in Tev

55
1.5 TeV SuperFerric Injector in LHC tunnel
J.Johnstone T.Sen, H.Piekarz
56
1.2 LHC Commissioning

• L2 Leader Michael Syphers (FNAL)
• FY06 budget 1,140 k
• Goals
• There is an overall benefit to the U.S.
  high-energy physics program if the LHC turns on
  rapidly and successfully. Our experimental
  physics groups have invested heavily in the LHC
  project, and the science produced there thus
  represents a return on the U.S. investment. A
  healthy and strong HEP activity at LHC will
  surely be necessary to secure future
  accelerator-based HEP projects in the U.S. The
  information gained during the commissioning will
  be available in a timely manner and will have
  maximum positive effect on U.S. plans for LHC
• L3 tasks
• Beam Commissioning
• Hardware Commissioning
• Toohig Fellowship
• New Initiatives

57
Schottky Monitors Overall Plan

• FY2006
• S/N study of low intensity bunches in Tevatron
• Design pick-up structure, study PLL DAB board for
  DAQ
• complete an integration document, signed off by
  both parties, and entered into CERN EDMS
• Design and build front-end electronics Q1
• Joint LARP and CERN review of the proposed design
• FY2007
• Adapt Fermilab analysis software
• Hardware commissioning at CERN without beam
• FY2008
• Hardware commissioning at CERN with beam
• FY2009
• Beam studies of chromaticity measurements, ramp
  effects