Nincs diacm

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Non-wood forest products, examples from Hungary
Attila Hegedus M. Sc. Forestry University of
West Hungary Institute of Forest Assets
Management, Sopron
INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Overview of presentation

• Definitions
• Raising the problem - Why NWFP are
• important?
• History and developments of NWFP
• Forest mushroom sector analysis
• in Hungary (case study)
• Lessons learned

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Definitions
Forest products
Non-wood forest products (NWFP)
Wood products
Non-wood forest products are goods of biological
origin, other than wood, derived from forests,
other wooded land and tree outside forests (FAO,
1995). NWFPs include wide range of products such
as foods, medicinal plants, spices, resins, gums,
mushrooms.
Suggestion for CHANGING the DEFINITION!
INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Definitions
Forest based Goods and Services (FOGS) U.
Mantau, 2004

• Forest based Wood Products (FOW)
• Energy wood,
• Industrial wood etc.

• Forest based Recreational Services (FORS)
• Parks, events,
• Sport activities etc.

• Forest based Plant Products (FOP)
• Plants,
• Plants products

• Forest based Environmental Services (FOES)
• Nature education etc.

• Forest based Animal Products (FOA)
• Animal,
• Animal products

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Classification of non-wood forest products

• Linked with parts of tree
• Charcoal,
• X-mas tree, foliage,
• Cone,
• Honey

Not linked with parts of tree
Animal
Mineral
Plant

• Mushroom
• Med. plant

• Antlers
• Game

• Stones from forest

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Why NWFP are important?

• Contribute positively and significantly to
  improving rural households (additional income
  for rural people),
• Contribute positively to economic growth, both
  at the local, regional and national levels,
• Contribute to improve natural resource
  management (alternative income for traditional
  forestry),
• There is increasing demand for natural products,
  bioproducts.
• Good balance between conservation of natural
  resources
• and improvement of rural economy!

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Main steps in history of NWFP

• 1980s research and development interests on
  NWFP in developing countries
• Information is available on NWFP on the FAO
  website www.fao.org/forestry
• mid of 90s more interests on NWFP in Europe
  development projects for example in Nordic
  countries
• at present, the systems directly relevant to
  NWFP certification include Forest Stewardship
  Council (FSC), International Federation of
  Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), Fair-trade
  Labelling Organizations International (FLO),
• FSC has certified corks in Denmark, wild deer in
  Scotland and there are several on-going or
  planned projects in the Mediterranean region in
  cooperation with WWF. NWFP field tests were
  undertaken by the WWF in Greece (for chestnut
  production) and Spain (cork).

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Labelling of forest mushrooms in Italy
innovation example
Fungo di Borgotaro

• Since 1996 the trade name Fungo di Borgotaro
  has been appearing on mushroom products as IGP
  trademark (Indication of Protected Geographic
  Area) according to EC Regulation no. 1107/96.

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Development of NWFP in Central-Eastern Europe

• Between II. World War and 1989 the management
  (harvesting, processing, sales) of NWFP was
  carried out by specialised state-owned companies.
  
• After 1989, in the process of transition to
  market economy state companies were taken out of
  this economic area and their responsibilities
  were taken over by small dynamic private
  companies.
• Behind of these companies partly there are
  investors from Western Europe.

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Forest mushroom sector analysis in Hungary
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Contents

• General facts about mushrooms
• Products identification, harvesting level
• Marketing channels, export-import activity
• Policy framework property rights regulations,
  incentives, taxation, information
• Strenghts weaknesses
• Innovation areas

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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General facts about mushrooms

• About 6000 fungal species (macromycetes) have
  been described in Europe,
• ca. 500 of the species in Europe are edible,
• In the Northern hemisphere trade in edible
  forest fungi is in excess of 20 billion Euros,
  using only a small number of species, and
  represents only a fragment of the potential
  economic value and uses,
• There are large markets for forest mushrooms in
  the EU, particularly in Italy and France, which
  act as distribution centers for the rest of
  Europe.

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Products identification, harvesting level

• In Hungary, the most important forest mushroom
  species are cep (Boletus edulis) and chanterelle
  (Chantharellus cibarius). These species cover 90
  of the total mushrooms gathered in revenue value.
  Russula sp. and Cratarellus cornucopiodes have
  medium importance, while Morchella sp. and other
  Boletales sp. are indicated as insignificant
  forest mushrooms.
• Boletus export reached 378 tons and there was an
  app. 22 tons Chantarellus on the export market in
  2001. The total value of forest mushroom
  production was 1,6 million US in 2001.
• Product types
• Fresh (frozen) 80
• Dried 18
• Canned 2

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Marketing channels, export-import activity
INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Marketing channels, export-import activity
INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Policy framework

• At present the forestry act declares that the
  mushroom picking is a free in all state-owned
  forests for personal need, but not for commercial
  purposes. For commercial need permission from the
  local forest manager is required. All in all, the
  mushroom pickers enter to forests without any
  permits and pick the mushroom without any payment
  for the owners.
• Approximately 13-17 small-medium enterprises are
  involved in forest mushroom business. They are
  suitable to summit project proposal for
  investments. During the accession period it was
  accessible the Sapard program. One of the Sapard
  measures was indicated as improvement of
  processing and marketing of agricultural and
  fishery products, including forest mushrooms. At
  present, there are open tenders for these
  companies supported by National Development Plan,
  National Rural Development Plan.
• Concerning the taxation issues, these companies
  are under SMEs rules

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Strenghts - Weaknesses

• Weaknesses
• Lack of capital
• No real packaging, processing background
• No real product innovation
• Weak enterprise management
• Weak marketing knowledge

• Strengths
• Flexibility
• Reliability
• Experts knowledge
• Stable picking-network
• Versatility

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Innovation areas

• Labelling/certification issues (marked as
  Hungaricum)
• Development of e-business
• Value-added processing on local level
• Improvement of home market
• Taking full advantages of resources local
  mushroom processing can be added the ecotourism
  services.

INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005
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Thank you for your attention!
hegedus_at_emk.nyme.hu
INNO-FOREST IP, Iisalmi, Finland - 19 May, 2005