CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES

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CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES

• Define communications
• Identify the basic components of a communications
  system
• Describe how and why network computers are used
  in schools and school districts
• Explain how the Internet works

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CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES

• Describe the World Wide Web portion of the
  Internet
• Explain how Web documents are linked to one
  another
• Explain the use of Web browser software
• Explain how to use a Web search tool to find
  information

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CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES

• Identify several types of multimedia products
  available on the Web
• Explain how Internet services such as e-mail,
  newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging
  work
• Describe the educational implications of the
  Internet and the World Wide Web
• Describe different ways to connect to the
  Internet and the World Wide Web

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WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS?

• A process in which two or more computers or
  devices transfer data, instructions, and
  information
• Sometimes called telecommunications

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WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS?

• Electronic mail (e-mail)
• Voice mail
• Fax (facsimile)
• Telecommuting
• Online services
• Videoconferencing
• Internet
• World Wide Web

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COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

• Basic communications system
• Two computers, one to send and one to receive
  data
• Communications devices that send and receive data
• A communications channel over which data is sent

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A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
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COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

• Communications channel
• Transmissions media
• Twisted-pair cable

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COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

• Digital vs. analog signals
• Modem
• External modem
• Internal modem
• Network interface cards

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COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

• Local Area Networks (LAN)
• Covers limited geographical area
• Server manages resources
• Wide Area Networks (WAN)
• Covers large geographical area
• Can consist of several LANs

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COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

• Home Networks
• Connects multiple computers in your home
• Share Internet access and resources

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NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT

• School network server
• Example classroom
• Three Macintosh computers
• Printer

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NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT

• Example school network
• Classrooms
• Administration
• Computer lab
• Example school district
• Central office
• Various schools

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SCHOOLS LOCAL AREA NETWORK
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DISTRICTS WIDE AREA NETWORK
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WIRELESS SCHOOLS AND CLASSROOMS

• Keep in touch with family and friends from
  anywhere
• Smart pagers
• Cellular telephones
• Handheld computers
• Notebook computers
• Wireless technology brings the computer lab to
  students

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HIGH SPEED OR BROADBAND ACCESS

• Government works to provide high speed Internet
  access to classrooms
• Broadband technology transmits signals at much
  faster speeds

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THE BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS IN EDUCATION

• Sharing of computer hardware, software, and data
  resources
• Unlimited educational resources
• Communicate with other educators and students

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WHAT IS THE INTERNET?

• Worldwide group of connected networks that allow
  public access to information and services
• No single organization owns or controls
• Estimated 500 million users
• Variety of uses

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The worlds largest network is the Internet,
which is a worldwide collection of networks that
link together millions of businesses,
governments, educational institutions, and
individuals.
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HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

• Started as a network of four computers at in both
  California and Utah in 1969
• Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) -
  ARPANET
• More than 35 million computers today
• Backbone first provided by National Science
  Foundation (NSF) - NSFnet

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HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
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HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

• Backbone now provided by variety of corporations
• Various organizations help define standards
• Internet2 (I2)
• Extremely high-speed network
• Develop and test latest Internet technologies
• Members include over 190 universities in the
  United States, along with 60 companies and the
  United States government

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

• Data is divided into packets
• Routers send packets across the Internet
• Packet switching
• Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol
  (TCP/IP) is the communications protocol used by
  the Internet

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

• Internet Service Providers versus Online Service
  Providers
• Have permanent connections to the Internet
• Provide temporary connections to individuals and
  companies for a fee
• Local and national ISPs
• Online service providers offer members only areas

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

• Connecting to the Internet
• Business or school network connected to the
  Internet
• Dial-up access
• ISDN
• Cable TV (CATV)
• Digital subscriber line (DSL)

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

• The Internet Backbone
• Acts as a highway
• Local ISPs connect through leased lines to
  national ISPs

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

• Internet Addresses
• Numeric addresses
• Domain name
• Domain type abbreviations
• Country code abbreviations

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Started in the early 1990s
• Hyperlinks
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• Hypertext transfer protocol

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• How a Web Page Works
• Hypertext
• Hyperlinks
• Target
• Relative
• Absolute

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Discovery learning
• Web Surfing
• Webmaster
• Hypertext markup language (HTML)
• Web publishing

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Web Browser Software
• Interprets HTML and displays Web pages and
  enables you to link to other Web pages and Web
  sites

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Web Browser Software
• Mosaic
• Netscape Navigator
• Microsoft Internet Explorer

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Searching for Information on the Web
• Directory maintained by a search engine company
• Helps find information on the Web
• Search engine
• Subject directory

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Multimedia on the Web
• Web pages incorporate graphics, animation, audio,
  video, and virtual reality
• Plug-ins

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Multimedia on the Web
• Graphics
• Used to enhance text-based Internet

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Multimedia on the Web
• Graphics
• Graphics formats

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Multimedia on the Web
• Graphics
• Thumbnails

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Multimedia on the Web
• Animation
• Marquees
• Animated GIFs

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Multimedia on the Web
• Audio
• MP3 format
• MP3 player
• Streaming audio
• RealAudio

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Multimedia on the Web
• Video
• Streaming video
• RealVideo

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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Multimedia on the Web
• Virtual Reality
• Simulation of real or imagined environment that
  appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space
• VR worlds

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This instructional Web site uses VR to teach
biology students about cells and body tissues.
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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

• E-mail
• Primary communication method for both personal
  and business use
• E-mail programs
• Mailbox
• Mail server
• E-mail address
• User name

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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

• FTP (file transfer protocol)
• FTP sites and servers
• Allows file downloads and uploads
• Anonymous FTP
• FTP programs

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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

• Newsgroups and Message Boards
• Newsgroup online area in which users conduct
  written discussions about a particular subject
• Usenet
• News server
• News reader
• Article
• Posting
• Threaded discussion

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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

• Newsgroups and Message Boards
• Message Boards easier to use than newsgroups

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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

• Mailing Lists
• Group of e-mail names and addresses given a
  single name
• Subscribing and unsubscribing
• LISTSERVs

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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

• Chat Rooms
• Real-time conversation
• Chat rooms
• Chat clients
• IRC (Internet relay chat)
• Microsoft Chat

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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

• Instant Messaging
• See when one or more people are online
• Exchange messages and files
• Join a private chat room
• Short Message Service (SMS)
• Send and receive text messages from Web-enabled
  devices

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NETIQUETTE

• Internet etiquette
• The code of acceptable behaviors users should
  follow while on the Internet

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INTERNET SECURITY

• Firewall
• Filtering software
• Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)

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THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB
ON EDUCATION

• The Web is the Gutenberg press of modern times
• Collaboration with other teachers and students
• ePALS
• New instructional strategies

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THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB

• Will connect 80 percent of the worlds computers
  in a few years
• More than a billion wireless communication
  devices will be in use by the middle of the
  decade
• All K-12 teachers will have access to the
  Internet in their classrooms
• Wireless technology will become commonplace in
  K-12 education

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THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB

• Everyday appliances with embedded computers will
  have Internet access
• More intelligent and focused Web search
  capabilities
• 100 to 1,000 times faster in a few years
• Business will continue to be the driving force

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THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB

• Increased access speeds and greater availability
  will allow teachers and students to view
  thousands of videos
• The Web will become an integral part of all
  education and will revolutionize the way students
  learn core subjects

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CHAPTER SUMMARY

• Define communications
• Identify the basic components of a communications
  system
• Describe how and why network computers are used
  in schools and school districts
• Explain how the Internet works

66
CHAPTER SUMMARY

• Describe the World Wide Web portion of the
  Internet
• Specify how Web documents are linked to one
  another
• Explain the use of browser software
• Explain how to use a Web search tool to find
  information

67
CHAPTER SUMMARY

• Identify several types of multimedia products
  available on the Web
• Explain how Internet services, such as e-mail,
  newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging
  work
• Describe the educational implications of the
  Internet and the World Wide Web
• Describe how to connect to the Internet and the
  World Wide Web

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Chapter 2 Complete
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GUIDE TO WORLD WIDE WEB SITES AND SEARCHING
TECHNIQUES
70
An extensive, current list of Web sites in
various categories can be found at
http//www.scsite.com/tdc3 Click the Special
Feature, Guide to WWW Sites link on the left
sidebar
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USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY

• Provides categorized lists of links
• Arranged by subjects
• This example will show you how to find
  information on Mark Twains childhood

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USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Start your browser and enter the URL
www.yahoo.com in the Address box. When the
Yahoo! home page appears, point to the Literature
link below Arts Humanities. You point to
Literature because that is the category in which
Mark Twain made his contributions.
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USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click Literature. When the Literature page
appears, point to the Authors link. You point to
Authors because Mark Twain was an author. Each
time you click a category link, you move closer
to the topic.
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USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click Authors. When the Authors page appears,
scroll down and point to the letter T in the
alphabetical site listings. (You can also find
information about Mark Twain by clicking the
Literary Fiction link.)