Chapter 1. Introduction

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Chapter 1. Introduction

• 1-1. What is VR?
• 1-2. Related Areas
• 1-3. History
• 1-4. State of the Art and RD Issues
• 1-5. Some Novel Applications
• 1-6. Major Players
• 1-7. Information Resources

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1-2. Related areas

• 1. Training simulation
• 2. Tele-operation
• 3. Computer graphics
• 4. Artificial intelligence

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training simulation

• Differences
• Re-configurable by changing software
• may include highly un-natural environment
• highly interactive and adaptive
• use of a wide variety of human sensing modalities
  and sensori-motor systems
• highly immersive
• near-field is synthetic far-field is synthetic.

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tele-operation

• for at least 30 years.
• tele-operator
• directly (manually) controlled tele-operator
• tele-robot

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• tele-operation vs. virtual reality
• tele-presence vs. virtual presence

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computer graphics

• modeling
• motion control (animation)
• rendering
• user interface

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artificial intelligence

• Studies on perception and cognition
• Testbed for AI research

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1-3. History

• 1st stage some visionaries
• Morton Heilig
• Ivan Surtherland
• Myron Krueger
• William Gibson

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Heligs Sensorama (1962)

• U.S. Patent
• no. 3,050,870

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Heligs HMD (1960)

• U.S. Patent
• no. 2,955,156

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Sutherlands 1965 vision

• Display as a window into a virtual world
• Improve image until the picture looks real
• Computer maintains world model in real time
• User directly manipulates virtual objects
• Manipulated objects move realistically
• Immersion in virtual world via head-mounted
  display
• Virtual world also sound real, feel real

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Kruegers Artificial Reality
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• 2nd stage technology development for specific
  purposes
• training simulator
• space exploration
• tele-operation

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• 3rd stage VR as the general-purpose technology
• Jaron Lanier
• VR industry (VPL, Sense8, W-Industry, )
• VR academia

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• Next stage Toward a scientific discipline
• computational reality
• a new computing paradigm
• a new media
• a new art form
• representation, creation and operation of virtual
  worlds