PowerPoint Presentation SOCIOLINGUISTICS

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Key terms
Sociolect or social dialect linguistic
differentiation based upon on membership in a
longstanding socially-demarcated group Regional
dialect linguistic differentiation based upon on
membership in a longstanding geographically-demar
cated group Codification development of inner
form phonology, lexicon, grammar Elaboration
development of a set of social functions Acceptan
ce lay loyalty Selection language is chosen
to serve particular functions (approved)
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Language or Dialect?
Functional concerns the descriptive study of
social of language in communication. Structur
al concerns variation in the structural system
of language.
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L1
L1 (D4)/L2(Div)
L2
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Ff_dialetti.htm
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Language or Dialect?
--What are the causes of language
differentiation? --Types of dialects (1)
sociolects or social dialects linguistic
differentiation based upon on membership in a
longstanding socially-demarcated group (2)
regional dialects linguistic differentiation
based upon on membership in a longstanding
geographically-demarcated group
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Language or Dialect?

• Mutual intelligibility
• Evaluative (attitudinal) response
• Regional differentiation
• Existence of a writing system or literature

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Haugen (1966)
Ferguson Writing dimension Standard
dimension W0 none St0 no appreciable
standardization W1 normal purposes St1 2
versions of language with own standards W2
original research St2 single widely accepted
in the physical sciences norm W3 translations
and resumes
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Haugen (1966)
Typical steps toward standardization or
internationalization Codification --
development of inner form phonology,
lexicon, grammar Elaboration -- development of a
set of social functions Acceptance -- lay
loyalty Selection -- language is chosen to
serve particular functions (approved)
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Bello, Andrés (1847) Grammar of the Spanish
Language, Selected Writings of Andrés Bello
Intersection of Bellos concerns with Haugens
formalization of the process of
standardization -- concerns regarding the
writing of grammars 1. inadequate
definitions 2. badly-made classifications 3.
application of the rules of Latin --enumeration
of forms as if there were no other language in
the world but Spanish --appeal to logic --
linguistic purity
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Bello, Andrés (1847) Grammar of the Spanish
Language, Selected Writings of Andrés Bello
Intersection of Bellos concerns with Haugens
formalization of the process of
standardization --variation voseo Y eso era,
cachai? And thats how it was, you
know? Cómo estai? How ya doing? Si necesitaí
diez lucas... If you need twenty
bucks... Bello One should not use the pronoun
vos because if one is talking about only one
person, one should say usted or tú depending on
the level of familiarity that we have with said
person...But not only does one sin against good
use by using vos...but what is even more
repugnant and vulgar is using it with the second
person singular with verbs...In Chile, the
infamous plebes always change the -eis verb
endings to -is saying vís, comís, senís...