Unit II: Modern Imperialism

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Unit II Modern Imperialism

• -The World Revolution of Westernization - New
  Imperialism
• -Motives Push and Pull Factors
• -The White Mans Burden scientific racism
• Case Studies
• -Imperialism and China
• -Imperialism and India
• -Imperialism and Africa
• -U.S. and Japan new imperial powers
• -Anti-colonial nationalism

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Question See RGH, p. 143

• Who, for that matter, was morally entitled to
  reshape the world in their own image?

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Defining imperialism

• Imperialism is the extension of political rule
  by one people over other, different peoples,
  often by conquest Howard Spodek
• The New Imperialism refers to the domination of
  European powersand later the United States and
  Japanover subject lands in the larger world in
  the last half of the 19th century. TE

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Trading post empires ? modern imperialism
Trading post empires c. 1700
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Asia by 1914.
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The Atlantic World
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Africa by 1914
Before the Scramble-1878
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Imperialism and the World 1914
Oceania by 1914
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Percentage of world controlled by colonial
empiresc. 1914
Others Portuguese 1 Dutch 1.4 German
1.6 Italian 1.8 Belgian 1.6
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What made modern imperialism modern or new?

• Motives Push and Pull Factors
• Tools economy empires (RGH 27)
• Justifications White Mans Burden

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Motives for modern imperialismPush Factors

• Economic The importance of securing raw
  materials for industrialization and markets
• Political Nationalism - Continuing competition
  among European powers
• Strategic Control of sea lanes

Rubber trees, Africa
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Pull Factors

• Political Instability
• Backward and offensive customs
• Economic restrictions
• Collaboration with indigenous peoples
• Adventure Its a guy thing (See RGH 29)

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Tools of modern imperialism

• Superior weaponry
• Superior means of transportation and
  communication
• Control of worlds oceans
• economy empires

Suez Canal
Black Ships in Japan
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Justifications for modern imperialism

• The civilizing mission
• The white mans burden
• Scientific racism

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Scientific racism / Social Darwinism

• Social Darwinism was the application of Darwins
  ideas to human societies
• Herbert Spencer There are stronger and weaker
  races and the stronger dominate the weaker
• The use of science to rationalize imperial
  domination

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The White Mans Burden
Rudyard Kipling RGH 25
What words are used to describe the
colonizers? What words are used to describe the
colonized?
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The first step towards lightening The White
Mans Burden is through Teaching the virtues of
cleanliness. Pears Soap is a potent factor
in brightening the dark corners of the earth as
civilization advances while amongst the cultured
of all nations it holds the highest placeit is
the ideal toilet soap.
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New Imperialism - Four Points

• 1. An orgy of overseas conquests (84 of the
  world occupied by colonial power) See chart in
  RGH, p. 111.
• 2. Rise of nationalism
• colonies as status symbols
• new countries find their place in the
  sun-Germany, Italy, Japan, US
• increased political competition and
  militarization
• economic competition as imperialism spreads
• get it while you can and keep others out

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New Imperialism Four Points

• 3. Remaking the World Order World Revolution
  of Westernization
• new global division of labor
• subsistence to commercial agriculture
• local people drawn into global network
• self-sufficiency to interdependence
• western economic dominance

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New Imperialism Four Points

• 4. Change of Attitudes
• admiration of other cultures to contempt
• cultural superiority
• racism White Mans Burden