Ancient China Unit 2

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Ancient ChinaUnit 2

• Mr. Hardy
• RMS IB Middle School
• 2012-2013

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Geography

• Huang He- Yellow River
• Chang Jiang- Yangtze River
• Very fertile area
• Gobi Desert, Himalaya Mtn. Range- isolated the
  people of China

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Shang Dynasty

• Farming society
• Ruled by Wealthy
• Believed in ancestor worship, life after death,
  and Oracle Bones that could predict the future
• Created silk

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Zhou Dynastypronounced, Joe

• Practiced Feudalism
• Filial piety- your duty is to your family
• Created Pictographs (Writing system)
• Mandate of Heaven- belief that Heaven kept order
  (Like Golden Age Pyramid)
• Rise ? Peak ? Fall

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Qin Dynasty221- 202B.C.

• Qin Shi Huangdi- first emperor, 13 yrs old
• Unified China
• Autocracy- emperor has unlimited power
• People disliked Qins rule
• Very cruel and harsh- had hundreds of people
  killed
• Slaves built a system of roads throughout the
  empire, as well as forts and canals.

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Emperor Qin's Accomplishments

• The Emperor's Army
• Army made of terra cotta
• Recreation of Qins imperial guard
• More than 6,000 men, each different

• Great Wall of China
• Intended to defend Northern China from nomadic
  tribes (invasion)
• Took thousands of workers
• Not paid, forced labor

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Han Dynasty202B.C.- 220A.D.

• Golden Dynasty of China
• Emperor considered a divine authority link
  between heaven and Earth
• Highly Structured Government -18 levels of
  government officials
• Civil Service Exam
• Schools to educate those who wished to work for
  the govt.
• Over 150 years of peace and wealth Very popular
  with people.
• Adopted Confucianism

The Government System established by the Han,
lasted until 1912!
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Confucianism

• Not a religion, - more like a philosophy, or way
  of life.
• Based on the writings of a great teacher knows as
  Confucius - K'ung-fu-tzu, "Master Kung

551BC 479BC
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Confucianism

• Li (social propriety) is the greatest principle
  of living. When society lives by li it moves
  smoothly.
• The Middle Way (moderation in all things)
• Quotes
• Everything has its beauty, but not everyone sees
  it.
• It does not matter how slowly you go, so long as
  you do not stop.

• Mens natures are alike, it is their habits that
  carry them far apart.
• Our greatest glory is not in failing, but in
  getting up every time we do.
• Study the past, if you would define the future.
• To be able under all circumstances to practice
  five things constitutes perfect virtue these
  five things are gravity, generosity of soul,
  sincerity, earnestness, and kindness.
• Forget injuries, never forget kindness.
• I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do
  and I understand.

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Han Dynasty Inventions

• Paper about 105A.D., greatly expanded education
  and government.
• Rudder- allowed boats to sail into the wind
• Wheel barrow

• Horse collar allowed horses to pull a much
  larger load.
• Perfected iron tools and plows
• (Do you see any pattern here?)

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Fall of the Han

• Huge Taxes to run government
• Gap between rich and poor grew
• Poor lost farms and homes
• Could not pay taxes
• Less taxes weakened the military
• (Where have we seen this before?)

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Tang Dynasty618-907

• Created programs to help the poor
• Created gunpowder- Fireworks!
• Brought back the Civil service exam
• Open to all men, but only the rich could afford
  the education
• Must be knowledgeable in Confucianism
• Only 1 in 5 passed

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Song Dynasty960-1279

• Prosperous and innovative
• Trade and Foreign Contact
• Great naval force
• Advanced farming techniques- Rice!
• Creation of block printing
• Use of algebra
• Abacus
• Use paper money
• Banking

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Role of Women of the Song
Practiced foot binding- meant to reflect wealth
and prestige, crippled for life Servants to men
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Mongols

• Nomadic people
• Horseback- primary form of travel
• Genghis Khan- elected ruler of Mongols, 1206
• Created largest empire in history!
• Used terror to conquer people
• Professional, organized army

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MONGOL WARRIORS
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Kublai Khan Yuan Dynasty

• Kublai Khan grandson of Genghis Khan
• Becomes Mongol emperor in 1260
• Conquers all of China in 1279, uniting China for
  the first time in 300 years.
• Yuan Dynasty only lasts until 1368, but is very
  important.

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Yuan Dynasty

• Kublai Khan very good ruler for China
• Kublai Khan moved capital from Mongolia to modern
  day Beijing, China
• Mongols kept separate identity from the Chinese
  lived apart and had different laws. Tolerated
  Chinese culture and made few changes to
  government system

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Yuan Dynasty Trade

• Open up China to more trade and Western contact
• Marco Polo Young Venetian who lived in Khans
  court for 17 years. His travel journal
  (1271-1295) became hugely popular book.
• First time most Europeans had been exposed to
  Chinese culture, like silk, gunpowder, playing
  cards, porcelain, printing, the magnetic compass,
  and paper money.
• Death of Kublai Khan and high taxes doomed the
  Yuan dynasty.

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Kublai Khan and Marco Polo
1215-1294
1254-1324
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Mini MasterpieceThis Will Be Started In Class at
the Conclusion of the Notes

• Required materials- 1 sheet of copy paper,
  markers/ colored pencils, black ink pen
• Fold the paper into 4 boxes.
• Option A- Create an image in each box that
  represents each of the dynasties/topics discussed
  during todays class.
• Option B- Create a 1 paragraph summery of each
  dynasty/topic in its assigned box. Your
  paragraph must be detailed and include a minimum
  of 5 sentences.
• Choose 1 of the following topics to create your
  Mini- Masterpieces on
• - Ancient Dynasties- Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han
• - Medieval Dynasties- Tang, Song, Mongols, and
  Yuan
• - Philosophy- Confucianism, Mandate of Heaven,
  and two dynasties of your choice
• Your boxes must be colored or written in black
  ink and include a frame and the name of the
  dynasty/topic.
• See Mr. Hardy for an example!