Chapter 5 Notes The Modern Era

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• Chapter 5 Notes The Modern Era
• I. A Rapidly Changing World
• The Industrial Revolution allowed people to use
  machinery and new methods to increase
  productivity.
• The Industrial Revolution was a result of
  Britains large supply of natural resources, raw
  materials, and workers.
• Textiles were the first major industry.
• II. Changing Lifestyles
• Industrial workers worked long hours and in
  dangerous conditions.
• Workers then formed unions that bargained for
  better conditions.
• The Industrial Revolution resulted in better
  living conditions and stronger economies for
  countries.

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• III. Rivalry Between Nations
• Under imperialism, European countries claimed
  colonies in Asia and Africa in the late 1800s
• WWI broke out in Europe in 1914 and as a result
  many once-strong countries became weak. The U.S.
  and Japan became great powers.
• In 1917, the Russian Revolution led to the system
  of communism.
• In the 1930s, worldwide depression and problems
  that were not solved led to WWII.
• After WWII, the Soviet Union and U.S. emerged as
  world powers.
• Chapter 5 Notes (A Continent Divided)
• I. The Cold War
• The global competition between democratic U.S.
  and Communist Soviet Union to spread its ideas
  was known as the Cold War.

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• Both sides had a large amount of nuclear weapons.
• The U.S. lent money to help rebuild Europe, and
  to stop the spread of communism (Marshall Plan).
• II. West European Nations Cooperate
• In 1948, the Truman Doctrine offered military aid
  to those who were fighting communism inside their
  borders.
• In 1949, NATO was formed to respond to possible
  attacks by the Soviet Union. All agreed to help
  one another if attacked.
• III. The Soviet Community
• In Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union made
  satellite nations of these countries.
• In 1955, the Soviet Union formed its satellites
  into an alliance known as the Warsaw Pact.

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)

• United States
• Belgium
• Britain
• Canada
• Denmark
• France
• Iceland
• Italy

• Luxemburg
• Netherlands
• Norway
• Portugal
• 1952 Greece Turkey
• 1955 West Germany
• 1983 Spain

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Warsaw Pact (1955)

• East Germany
• Hungary
• Poland
• Rumania

• U. S. S. R.
• Albania
• Bulgaria
• Czechoslovakia

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• IV. A Clash Between the Superpowers
• In 1948, the Soviet Union blockaded, closed off
  Berlin which created much tension.
• Two separate governments were also set up in
  Germany, W. Germany (Democratic) and E. Germany
  (Communist)
• The city of Berlin was a divided by two which the
  Soviet Union created the Berlin Wall to prevent
  people from leaving E. Berlin.
• V. The End of the Cold War
• In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev, introduce reforms to
  stimulate the economy. (glasnost/perestroika)
• In the late 1980s the Soviet Union moved towards
  capitalism and democracy and as a result their
  satellites became independent.

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Post-War Germany
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• Chapter 5 Notes (Moving Toward Unity)
• I. The End of the Soviet Union
• Protests in E. Germany led to the Berlin Wall
  coming down and the reunification of Germany in
  1990.
• In 1991, Soviet Union broke up which 15 new
  countries formed.
• II. The New Europe
• Today, Europe is becoming an economic power.
• Some Europeans would like to see the European
  Union become the United States of Europe.
• Most of the EUs members use the same currency,
  the Euro.
• Some of the problems that the EU is trying to
  solve is the income gap, population growth, and
  environmental issues.