The Crusades, Black Death, and Hundred Years War

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The Crusades, Black Death, and Hundred Years War

• 1050-1450 CE/AD

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The World in 1050

• In 1050 many civilizations had been established
  around the world, but Europeans knew little about
  them. In the 1050s the Seljuk Turks invaded the
  Byzantine empire and came to control the Holy
  Land, where Europes Christians had made
  pilgrimages.
• Witness History Audio Crusaders Capture
  Jerusalem

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The Crusades

• The Byzantine emperor asked Pope Urban II for
  help in fighting the Muslim Turks, and the pope
  then called for the First Crusade, a campaign to
  take back the Holy Land. The Crusades continued
  for over 200 years, with the Muslims retaining
  their control in the end.
• Witness History Audio Saladin
• Geography Interactive The Crusades, 1096-1204
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Impact of the Crusades

• With the Crusades, trade between the Byzantine
  empire and European states increased and money
  economies were created. Travelers began to
  explore other lands. Monarchs and the pope gained
  power.

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The Reconquista

• The Christian campaign to drive the Muslims from
  the Iberian peninsula was known as the
  Reconquista. The Christians were successful, and
  Spain and Portugal came into being as states.
  Spains Ferdinand and Isabella had many
  non-Christians tried by the Inquisition and
  punished.

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The Alhambra
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Monitoring Progress Transparency
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The Black Death A Global Epidemic

• Witness History Audio The Black Death Approaches
  
• The Bubonic plague, or Back Death, arrived in
  Europe from Asia in 1347 and thereafter kept
  recurring. It caused massive deaths and inflation
  that led to peasant revolts in England, France,
  Germany, and elsewhere.

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Causes and Effects of the Black Death
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Upheaval in the Church

• The church was unable to answer the questions or
  fill the needs of its members during the Black
  Death. In 1309, Pope Clement V moved the papal
  court to Avignon in France. Later, reformers
  elected another pope to rule from Rome. Popular
  preachers such as John Wycliffe taught that the
  bible and not the Church held the truth, and his
  followers began translating the Bible for
  everyone to read.

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The Hundred Years War

• England and France fought a series of conflicts
  between 1337 and 1453 over French lands that both
  states claimed and over control of the English
  Channel and regional trade. Joan of Arc helped to
  turn the tide for France. In England, the war
  gave power and prominence to Parliament, which
  had to fund it.

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Causes and Effects of the Hundred Years War