WORLD WAR I

1
WORLD WAR I

• APUSH 6th period
• Silvestre Espinoza

2
Reasons for Conflict

• Naval race between Britain and Germany starting
  in 1906
• Economic Imperialism
• Ethnic and Political Rivalries
• A Balkan war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia
  was considered inevitable
• Germanys position as a central European power
  made its viable defense and active offense.

• Franco-Prussian War influenced the French policy
  of revanchism or revenge.

3
The Spark That Ignited the WAR

• Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Set into motion a series of very quick events
  that caused the full war.

4
The Effect of the Assassination

• Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Pretext to deal with the Serbian question
• Germany supports it

• Ultimatum sent to Serbia
• Serbia rejects it
• Serbia orders mobilization
• Relying on Russian support

5
JULY CRISIS

• July 23 Ultimatum Sent
• July 28 Austria-Hungry issued a declaration of
  war

• July 31 Russia orders a full mobilization

6
Continued Development

• Schlieffen Plan
• Relied on a quick attack on France
• Could not allow the Russians to mobilize without
  launching an attack.
• Thus Declaring war on Russia and then France

• Germany immediately launched the Invasion of
  Luxembourg and Belgium
• Belgium's neutrality led to the British
  Declaration of war against the Germans
• Five out of the Six European Powers where now
  involved

7
Central Powers

• Miscommunication
• Germany promised to support for Austria-
  Hungary's invasion of Serbia but their
  interpretations differed
• Germany envisioned Austria- Hungary the majority
  of its troops directed at Russia
• Germany took dealt with France
• Leading to the separation of the Austria-Hungary
  army splitting forces between Russia and Serbia.

8
African Campaigns

• Some of the first battles occurred in the
  British, French and German colonies in Africa.

9
Trench Warfare

• Barbed wire was a significant hindrance to massed
  infantry advances
• Machine guns also made crossing open grounds a
  nightmare

10
Russian Revolution

• Dissatisfaction with the Russian governments
  conduct of the war grew
• The army became increasingly ineffective.

• The existence of a new type of government in
  Russia led to the reinforcement in many countries
  of Communist Parties
• Russia drops out of the War

11
1917-1918

• British naval blockade began to have a serious
  impact on Germany
• Victory of Austria-Hungary and Germany at the
  Battle of Caporetto led the Allied at the
  Rappallo Conference to form the Supreme Allied
  Council to coordinate planning

• U.S. Declares war on Germany
• Cause by many events that Germany pushed the
  limits to
• After seven merchant ships sunk
• The Berlin proposal to Mexico angered many
  Americans

12
German Spring Offensive of 1918

• The front moved to within 120 kilometers of Paris
• After heavy fighting, however, the offensive was
  halted. Lacking tanks, the Germans were unable to
  consolidate their gains.

13
End of War

• Collapse of the Central Powers
• Outbreak of German Revolution

• Sept. 29 Bulgaria Signs Armistice
• Oct. 30 Ottoman Capitulated

On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the
eleventh month - a ceasefire came into effect
14
Treaty of Versailles

• Ended the war with Germany

• But almost directly caused WWII