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The Swedish Forest Policy of 1993, its
implementation, results so farTomas Thuresson
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The 1993 year Swedish Forest Policy induced
changes in the official objectives for forestry

• From one production goal to two equal goals
• Production and Environment
• Freedom with responsibility was born.
• The subsidies but also the silviculture tax were
  taken away.
• The state supervision in forest management was
  reduced and regulations disappeared, such as the
  duty to do pre-commercial thinning in dense young
  stands. Also, earlier forbidden regeneration
  methods were allowed.
• The sector responsibility for the environment
  was shared between the state and the forest
  owners.

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So what are the results from this Forest Policy
so far?
Well, that is a tricky question to answer! So
many other influencing factors also affect the
results...
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Also, only small parts of the forest is treated
each year - therefore the historical aspects has
to be recognized ...
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So, what are the results from this evaluation
then?

• Not surprisingly the different Forest Policies
  over time have had large impact on the forestry
  over the decades
• for example, in analyses the forest policy
  periods (-1979, 1980-1993 och 1994-) are strong
  predictors for what happened in the forest.
• But this is not very interesting for you!
• More interesting is probably the results as such
  in the forest and the possible future outcomes
  from this.

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Governmental organisations, forest companies,
land owner associations, NGOs, have all focused
on the environmental issues and contributed in a
constructive manner.
During the 1990s the environmental considerations
has developed from discussions to action!
Example - the voluntarily set aside forest areas
(1000 ha)
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Environmental care in final fellings
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Number of left behind dead trees per ha within or
close by to the
final felling area (0-5 yr. after final felling)
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40.0- cm
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30.0-39.9
10
cm
8
20.0-29.9
cm
6
10.0-19.9
cm
4
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Source Swedish Forest Survey
0
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
Year
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As a result the volume of hard dead woody
debris on regeneration areas has increases
significantly during the period it has been
measured

• From 1.9 m3/ha 1995-1997
• To 3.2 m3/ha 1998-2000

Sorce Swedish Forest Survey
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In thinnings dead and broadleaved trees are left
behind as never before...
Source Swedish Forest Survey
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Thinning percentage hardwoods (in of volume
before thinning)
70
60
Private
50
Others
40
30
20
10
Source Swedish Forest Survey
0
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Year
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Conclusions

• The forest sector are really trying to fulfill
  their sector responsibility on the
  environmental side, however
• Still one fifth of the final felling areas do not
  fulfill the nature considerations stipulations in
  the Forest Act.
• But overall on the environmental side the trend
  is positive.

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Goal 2010
Source NBFs regeneration inventories
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The lousy economy in the forest sector in the
beginning of the 1990s strongly contributet to
the drop in regeneration work
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Area (1000 ha/yr.) regenerated divided in
regeneration methods
350
N-others
300
N-seed
250
Seeds
200
HW-plant
150
C-plant
100
S-plant
50
P-plant
0
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
Source Swedish Forest Survey
Year
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A mountain of dense young stands that havent
been precommercially thinned is growing ...

• Th pre-commercial thinnings during the 1990s have
  been to small...
• And we see no significant improvements.

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Conclusion

• The forest sector do not fulfill its
  responsibility to do pre-commercial thinnings

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Altogether very briefly...

• During the 1990s the
• Nature protection work has improved
  significantly.
• State guaranteed investments in new nature
  reserves are big.
• The voluntarily set-aside areas increases
  quickly.
• Daily nature considerations have improved.
• But, there is still shortcomings in final
  fellings
• Regenerations with lower quality - especially
  during the 1st half of the 1990s.
• Too little pre-commercial thinnings has created a
  mountain of too dense young forests

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Thanks!