The Circulatory System

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The Circulatory System
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Parts of the Circulatory System

• The Heart
• The Blood Vessels
• The Blood

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The Functions of the Circulatory System

• Delivers materials to the cells
• Oxygen
• Nutrients
• Hormones
• Removes waste products from the cells
• Carbon dioxide
• Urea
• water
• Helps maintain body temperature

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The Heart

• Atria
• Ventricles
• Septum
• Superior Vena Cava
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Pulmonary Artery
• Pulmonary Veins
• Aorta
• Tricuspid Valve
• Bicuspid Valve (Mitral)
• Pulmonary Valve
• Aortic Valve

Aorta
Superior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Veins
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Bicuspid Valve
Inferior Vena Cava
Left Ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Myocardium
Right Ventricle
Septum
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The Blood Vessels

• Arteries
• Carry Oxygen-Rich blood
• Carry Nutrients
• Carry Hormones
• Veins
• Carry Oxygen-poor blood
• Capillaries
• Smallest of arteries

Artery
Veins
Capillaries
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Types of Circulation

• Pulmonary
• To the lungs
• Coronary
• To the heart
• Systemic
• To the entire body
• Hepatic
• To the liver
• Renal
• To the Kidneys
• Portal
• To the internal organs and spleen

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Review Questions

• Name two materials that the blood delivers
  throughout the body?
• What is the major difference between an artery
  and a vein?
• What would happen if there were an opening
  between one side of the heart and the other side?
• Some people think that all arteries carry oxygen
  and veins carry carbon dioxide. Explain why this
  belief is incorrect?

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Circulation

• Heart Rate is controlled by the pacemaker that is
  located in the sinoatrial node
• Blood Pressure is the amount of pressure against
  the arterial walls when the heart contracts.

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Things that affect heart rate

• Temperature
• Physical Activity
• Stress
• Emotions
• Fear
• Anger
• Chemicals
• Caffeine
• Nicotine
• Hormones
• Drugs

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Blood Pressure

• Systolic Blood Pressure
• Is when the ventricles contract and blood is
  forced out of the heart (110-140mm)
• Diastolic Blood Pressure
• Is when the heart relaxes and pressure against
  the arterial walls returns to its normal size
  (60-90mm)
• Sphygmomanometer
• A device used to read blood pressure

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Fainting

• Fainting is caused when the brain does not get
  enough oxygen.
• What are some signs of a person that might faint?
• Nausea
• Sweating
• Light-headedness
• Dimming vision

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Hypertension

• Risk factors that cannot be controlled
• Hereditary
• African American Decent
• Being male

• Risk factors that can be controlled
• Smoking cigarettes
• Not getting enough exercise
• Too much sodium and saturated fats
• Consuming more than two alcoholic drinks per day
• Being overweight

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Stroke

• A stroke is a sudden disruption of blood flow to
  the brain that can result in the killing of nerve
  cells.
• Signs
• Paralysis to parts of the body
• Loss of ability to speak
• Go blind
• Die
• Difficulty picking things up

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Preventing Circulatory Problems

• Avoid smoking
• Eat a healthy diet
• Exercise regularly
• Reduce stress
• Limit your daily consumption of alcohol to two
  drinks per day

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The Parts of the blood

• Red Blood Cells
• Carry oxygen and nutrients
• White Blood Cells
• Help to fight infection
• Platelets
• Helps the blood to clot
• Plasma
• The liquid part of the blood
• 55 of the blood is made up of plasma
• 90 of plasma is water

Red Cells
White Cells
Platelets
Plasma
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Lymphatic System

• Lymphatic System is part of our immune system
  that helps to fight infection.
• Parts of the lymphatic system
• Lymph
• Lymphatic vessels
• Lymph Nodes
• Thymus
• Spleen
• Tonsils

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Blood Types

• Type O
• Universal donor
• May only receive a transfusion from type O
• Type A
• Type A may receive from A or O
• Type B
• Type B may receive from B or O
• Type AB
• Universal recipient
• May receive from all blood types

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Review Questions

• Identify three things that affect heart rate?
• What happens to the walls of the blood vessels if
  blood pressure remains high for too long?
• Why is it important to control your blood
  cholesterol?
• What are some of the risk factors that are
  similar for osteoporosis and hypertension?
• Why is blood pressure highest in the arteries and
  less in the veins?
• If you had a blood pressure reading of 120 over
  70, should you be worried?

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Blood Disorders and Diseases

• Mononucleosis is a viral infection that causes
  and abnormal increase in certain types of white
  cells.
• Anemia is the most common of blood diseases and
  is caused by not having enough red blood cells.
• Sickle Cell Anemia affects mostly
  African-Americans and is associate with irregular
  shaped red cells.
• Leukemia is often called cancer of the blood.

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Review Questions

• Name the two elements in blood that forms clots.
• What are antibodies?
• What blood cells are able to move outside of the
  blood vessels and move to the cells?
• How would drugs help people with sickle cell
  anemia?
• If you had Type A blood, would you be able to
  receive a transfusion from a person with Type B?
  Why or why not?