Prsentation PowerPoint

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British history From ancient history to
middles-ages
Magna Carta (the Great Charter)
Timeline
House of Plantagenet (extract)
Ressources http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/la
unch_ani_population.shtml http//en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Angevin http//www.timetrek.org/jpg/Magna20C
arta.jpg http//www.micheline.ca/doc-1215-ang-magn
a-carta.htm http//www.aidh.org/Biblio/Text_fondat
/HP_TF.htm
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Timeline
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Timeline
Britain was populated by a number of Celtic
tribes such as the Caledonii who lived in the
North of scotland, the Iceni from East Anglia and
the Brignates who lived in the North of England.
The inhabitants of Britain largely spoke
Brittonic from which modern day Cornish, Welsh
and Breton have developed. The celtic tribes
worshipped deities asociated with nature and had
sacred groves and streams. The inhabitant of
Britain had arrived in a series of migrations
the last of which had been by the Belgic tribes
who arrived in the first century BC and were
noted by Julius Ceasar in his history, De Bello
Gallica (The Gallic War).
Celtic Britain
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Timeline
Celtic Britain
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Romain Britain The Romans under the command of
the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain in 43AD and,
by 82AD, had conquered much of the island. By
300AD, there were around one and a half million
British inhabitants under the control of the
Empire, of wich approximately 125 000 were
soldiers and their families. Londinium (present
London) was the largest town with a population of
about 30 000. From around the third century, the
south and east coasts of England were attacked by
raiding Saxons and other continental tribes. As
the Roman Empire started to weaken and fragment
the last imperial troops were withdrawn in 410AD
the Romano British were left to defend
themselves from the invaders who overran the
local population later in the first century.
Romain Britain
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Timeline
Celtic Britain
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Following the End of Roman Rule, the British
urban population went into declines as towns and
their defences fell into disrepair. Angles,
Saxons and Jutes from modern day Germany an
Denmark settled on the south and east coast of
England. As local settlement moved inland along
river valleys, the native population was either
displaced wetswards or became vassals of the
dominant Anglo-Saxons.
The Anglo-Saxons
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Timeline
Celtic Britain
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Romain Britain
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The Anglo-Saxons
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By the ninth century, the Anglo-Saxons were
masters of much of England and, by the early
tenth century, they had moved into the eastern
lowland regions of Scotland. Scandinavian raids
on Britain began in 789 when three ships attacked
Portland. In 793, the famous monastery of
Lindisfarne (on an island off the Northumbrian
coast) was ransacked and, a few years later, its
sister monastery at Iona (on the west coast of
Scotland) was also pillaged. By the tenth
century, Scandinavians from modern Norway, Sweden
and Denmark had settled in a large part of the
British Isles from the Shetland Isles in the
North to East Anglia and parts of the Midlands in
the South.
The Vikings
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Timeline
Celtic Britain
Normans knights, depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry,
charging to victory at Hastings
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Romain Britain
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William was born in around 1028, in Falaise,
Normandy the illegitimate son of Robert I, Duke
of Normandy. He was thus known as  William the
Bastard  to his contemporaries. On his father's
death in 1035, William was recognised as heir,
with his great uncle serving as regent. In 1042
he began to take more personal control. From 1046
until 1055 he dealt with a series of baronial
rebellions. William's political and military
successes helped him in negotiations to marry
Matilda, daughter of Count Baldwin of Flanders in
1053. Early in 1066, Edward, king of England died
and Harold, Earl of Wessex was crowned king.
William was furious, claiming that in 1051
Edward, a distant cousin, had promised him the
throne and that Harold had later sworn to support
that claim. William landed in England on 28
September 1066, establishing a camp near
Hastings. its defeat at Hastings may seem to have
been a surprising one. In fact, the invasion of
1066 was achieved by a very small army. William
the Conqueror invaded England with fewer than
10,000 troops, perhaps as few as 7 or 8,000
initially. At the end of his reign, they only
ever had, as an army of occupation, 20,000 men
holding down a nation of one and a half or even
two million souls. It's a bit like the British in
India with 350,000 troops and administrators
holding down 350 million people. And yet the
Normans turned the country upside down. In part
this was due to their own undoubted military
skills. But they were also very lucky.
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The Vikings
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House of Plantagenet
Richard was born on 8 September 1157, two years
after his brother Henri, in Oxford, son of Henri
II (he was born on 1133) and Eleanor of Aquitaine
(1122-1204). He possessed considerable political
and military ability. However, like his brothers,
he fought with his family, joining them in the
great rebellion against their father in 1173. In
1183 his brother Henri died, leaving Richard heir
to the throne. We can notice that a another
brother died in 1186. His name was Geoffrey, duke
of Brittany and he was born in 1158. Henri II
wanted to give Aquitaine to his youngest son,
John (1166-1216). Richard refused and, in 1189,
joined forces with Philip II of France against
his father, hounding him to a premature death in
July 1189. Richard was fatally wounded and died
on 6 April 1199. He was succeeded by his younger
brother John, who had spent the years of
Richard's absence scheming against him. To
complete the familie, Richard had got two sisters
(Leonora of England who was born in 1161 and died
in 1214  Joan of England 1165-1199). Henri III
was born on 1 October 1207 in Winchester, the son
of King John and Isabella of Angoulême. Henri was
nine when his father died and he became king.
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Magna Carta
1that the English Church shall be free, and
shall have its rights undiminished, and its
liberties unimpaired. () To all free men of our
kingdom we have also granted, for us and our
heirs for ever, all the liberties written out
below, to have and to keep for them and their
heirs, of us and our heirs. 12 No scutage or aid
may be levied in our kingdom without its general
consent, unless it is for the ransom of our
person, to make our eldest son a knight, and
(once) to marry our eldest daughter. 30 No
sheriff, royal official, or other person shall
take horses or carts for transport from any free
man, without his consent. 31 Neither we nor any
royal official will take wood for our castle, or
for any other purpose, without the consent of the
owner. 39 No free man shall be seized or
imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or
possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived
of his standing in any other way, nor will we
proceed with force against him, or send others to
do so, except by the lawful judgement of his
equals or by the law of the land. 61 we desire
that they shall be enjoyed in their entirety,
with lasting strength, for ever, we give and
grant to the barons the following securityThe
barons shall elect twenty-five of their number to
keep, and cause to be observed with all their
might, the peace and liberties granted and
confirmed to them by this charter. () The
twenty-five barons shall swear to obey all the
above articles faithfully, and shall cause them
to be obeyed by others to the best of their
power. We will not seek to procure from anyone,
either by our own efforts or those of a third
party, anything by which any part of these
concessions or liberties might be revoked or
diminished.
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