World War I

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World War I

• Chapter 16 Section 2

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• A simple war was going to last much longer with
  many casualties
• US enters in 1917
• Governments take control of economies
• Ration foods and supplies
• Expanding work force
• Making sacrifices for war

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1914 1915 Illusions and Stalemates

• Western and Eastern Fronts

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Illusions and Stalemates

• Main idea
• On the Western front there is a stalemate while
  Russia is defeated on the Eastern front by
  Germany and Austria-Hungary
• More countries turning toward war as option based
  on increase in propaganda

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The Western Front

• Schlieffen Plan called for German army to enter
  through Belgium to invade France where they would
  surround army in Paris
• German advance was met with resistance at the
  first battle of Marne
• French were prepared and ready to fight

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Stalemate Arises

• As neither troop is willing to back down and
  cannot escape from their own trenches they enter
  a stalemate
• Trenches reached from the English Channel to the
  Switzerland
• trench warfare fighting from their dug
  shelters protected by barbwire
• Remained there for four years

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The Eastern Front

• Mobile side compared to stalemate in the West
• Russia enters Germany but is quickly defeated at
  two battles and Germany is victorious
• Battle of Tannenburg (8/30/1914)
• Battle of Masurian (9/15/1914)

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The Eastern Front

• Austria Hungary had been defeated at first by
  Russians
• Italians reneged on German and Austria-Hungary
  alliance in Triple Alliacne in May 1915
• Italians instead joined France, Great Britain,
  and Russia ? name is changed to Allied Powers aka
  Allies

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Eastern Front

• Germans come to Austrias aid
• Pushed Russia back
• With many loses and causalities Russia is nearly
  defeated
• Germans next are joined by Bulgaria and Serbia is
  attacked and eliminated

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The Great Slaughter

• Tactics of Trench Warfare
• War is in the Air

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The Great Slaughter

• Main idea
• New weapons and trench warfare escalated severity
  of war destruction
• Germans and French have miles of trenches 5 feet
  deep and 30 yards wide
• Soon enforced with weapons arming trenches
• Troops lived in holes known as no mans land

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Tactics of Trench Warfare

• softening up the enemy by destroying trenches
  and forcing soldiers to leave the safety of the
  trenches to attack enemies, who were waiting for
  troops

• war of attrition war based on wearing down the
  other side with continuous attacks and heavy
  losses

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War is in the Air

• Airplanes appear in 1915 ? not only watching what
  was occurring on ground but began attacking from
  the air
• Weaponry improved as machine guns are mounted on
  planes

• Germans use zeppelins to bomb London and eastern
  England
• Frightened people more than cause damage
• Zeppelins get turned into something more
  destructive when hit by enemy fire

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A World War

• Widening of the War
• US Enters

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A World War

• Main idea
• Confronted with a stalemate looking for new
  allies will invigorate war
• Money, goods, and ideas

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Widening of the War

• Central Powers
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire is
  joined by Bulgaria
• Allied Powers
• Russia, Great Britain, and France ? declared war
  on Ottoman Empire

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Widening of the War

• Allies are forced to withdraw after failed
  attempt to open Balkan forces
• Italy joins Allies with agreement they would get
  Austria land

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Widening of the War

• In the Middle East
• British officer encourages Arabs to revolt
  against Ottoman Empire
• British forces from Egypt mobilize Indian troops
  from India, Australia, and New Zealand to destroy
  Ottoman Empire

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Widening of the War

• German colonies are soon taken over by Allies
• Japan assisted in takeover by seizing German
  colony islands in Pacific
• Australia takes over New Guinea

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Entry of US

• Neutrality is revoked after Lusitania is attacked
  containing American civilians
• Join Allies which gave psychological boost,
  money, and war goods

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Impact of Total War

• Increased Government Powers
• Manipulation of Public Opinion
• Total War and Women

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The Impact of Total War

• Main Idea
• Government interference escalated severity of war
  
• Mobilization of goods and people ? all civilians
  affected

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Increased Government Powers

• Enlisted more men and created new weapons to win
• Power over economies increased
• planned economies systems directed by
  government agencies
• Free market capitalism was put out of temporary
  order
• Price, wage, and rent was controlled
• Food and supplies were rationed
• Importans and exports regulated
• Transportation and industries commandeered

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Increased Government Powers

• All citizens became part if national army with
  the desire to win

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Manipulation of Public Opinion

• Less public morale and support
• Made police powers to stop internal dissent
• DORA arrest protestors
• Recruiting posters and propaganda