Chapter 13, Section 1

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Chapter 13, Section 1

• Marching Toward War

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I. Rising Tensions in Europe

• Rise of Nationalism
• Nationalismdeep devotion to ones country
• Increased tensions and rivalries in Europe
  (between G.B. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia,
  Italy, France)
• Competition for markets around the world for
  territory in Europe (ex. Alsace-Lorraine)
• Some groups also wanted independence from
  colonizers (ex Serbia, Romanians)

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• B. Imperialism Militarism
• 1. Quest for colonies sometimes led countries to
  the brink of war
• 2. Mistrust rivalry grew between European
  countries
• 3. Militarismglorifying military power and
  keeping an army prepared for war
• 4. All Great Powers had large, mobile, standing
  armies ready to fight
• 5. Made people both patriotic afraid of war

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II. Tangled Alliances

• Bismarck Forges Early Pacts
• Bismarck saw France as a threat to peace
  believed France still wanted revenge from the
  Franco-Prussian War
• Formed the Dual Alliance between Germany
  Austria-Hungary in 1879. In 1882, Italy joined
  to create the Triple Alliance. In 1881, Bismarck
  created a treaty with Russia

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• B. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace
• 1. 1890, Kaiser Wilhelm becomes ruler of Germany
  and does not want to share power w/anyone was
  very militaristic
• 2. Let the treaty with Russia lapse, Russia
  responded by creating an alliance with France
  (would create a 2-front war)

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• 3. Germany began an extensive shipbuilding
  program, threatened Britains navy, Britain
  forges an alliance with Russia France to create
  the Triple Entente
• 4. Now there are 2 rival camps in Europe, the
  Triple Alliance the Triple Entente

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Triple Alliance
Italy
Germany
Triple Entente
Austria-Hungary
Russia
Great Britain
France
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III. Crisis in the Balkans

• Balkan region was part of the declining Ottoman
  Empire. Those dominated by the Ottomans were
  overcome by Nationalism.
• Serbia had a large Slavic population (similar to
  Russia) and wanted its own independence.
• Austria-Hungary was opposed to Serbia obtaining
  its independence because they believed this may
  spur revolution in its own country (they were
  neighbors).

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• D. Austria-Hungary took over Bosnia and
  Herzegovina, which Serbia had wanted for itself,
  great increased tensions.
• E. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe
• 1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand, from
  Austria-Hungary, was visiting Bosnia.
• 2. June 28, 1914 he was riding through the
  streets of Sarajevo in an open car

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• 3. A Serbian nationalist group, called the Black
  Hand, had organized an assassination attempt
• 4. Man named Gavrilo Princip succeeded in
  shooting killing Ferdinand his wife.

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• 5. Since it was a Serbian group, Austria put
  pressure on Serbia and gave them an ultimatum
• 6. Serbia gave into most of the requests, but
  not all of them. Austria was not willing to
  negotiate due to past history.
• 7. July 28, 1914, Austria declared war on
  Serbia. Same day, Russia (Serbias ally)
  mobilized troops along the Austria border
• 8. World War I had been put into motion