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The Russian Revolutions and Civil War

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The Russian Revolutions and Civil War. 1917-1922. Background ... The Russian Civil War 1918-1920. Bolshevik opponents (Whites) vs. Bolshevik supporters (Reds) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Russian Revolutions and Civil War


1
The Russian Revolutions and Civil War
  • 1917-1922

2
Background
  • Romanov Dynasty had ruled Russia absolutely since
    1613
  • Bloody Sunday and the Revolution of 1905 had
    destroyed the Russian peoples faith and trust in
    Nicholas II
  • October Manifesto(1905)- Nicholas II forced to
    make reforms
  • Creation of the Duma- representative legislature
    to help Nicholas II rule Russia- Duma dissolved
  • By 1914- Russia was still an autocracy and the
    people were unhappy

3
Russian Society in 1914
  • Czar Nicholas II
  • Landowning nobles
  • Russian Orthodox priests
  • Small middle class-bourgeoisie
  • Growing urban working class-proletariat
  • Large peasant population in poverty

4
Impact of WW I
  • 1914-WW I created nationalism and united Russians
    temporarily
  • 1915-Russian military in bad shape two million
    casualties
  • Nicholas II went to the Eastern Front
  • Czarina Alexandra left in charge of the
    government

5
Gregory Rasputin
  • Close advisor of Alexandra
  • He helped ease the suffering of Alexi who had
    hemophilia
  • By 1916- Rasputin was running the government
    through Alexandra
  • Dec. 1916- group of nobles kill Rasputin to save
    Russia

6
The Collapse of the Romanov Dynasty
  • March, 1917- Russian disasters on the battlefield
    and food and fuel shortages in Russia brought a
    need for change
  • St. Petersburg- workers went on strike
  • Bread riots
  • Russian troops refused to fire on the people
  • Nicholas II abdicated

7
The Provisional Government
  • Middle class liberals wanted a constitution for
    the new Russian Republic
  • Alexander Kerensky elected the new leader
  • Decided to stay in WW I
  • Russian people unhappy- peasants wanted land,
    city workers wanted food, soldiers wanted an end
    to the war

8
Socialist(Workers) Uprising
  • Set up Soviets(councils) in every Russian city
  • The Bolsheviks, a radical socialist group, took
    charge of all the soviets
  • Vladimir Ilyich Lenin- Bolshevik leader

9
Lenin (1870-1924)
  • Read the works of Karl Marx
  • 17- his brother was hanged for plotting to kill
    Czar Alexander III
  • Spread the ideas of Marx among factory workers
  • 1895- arrested, sent to Siberia and imprisoned
  • Believed only a revolution could bring change
  • 1900-After his imprisonment exiled outside of
    Russia
  • 1917- Germany helps Lenin return to Russia
  • April, 1917- arrived at Finland Station in St.
    Petersburg

10
Lenins Plan
  • Called for an end to the War
  • Sept.,1917- Bolsheviks save St. Petersburg from
    the upper and middle class revolution led by
    General Kornilov who was going to restore
    Nicholas II to the throne
  • Bolsheviks became very popular- slogan Peace,
    Land, and Bread
  • Soviets around Russia under Bolshevik control

11
The Bolshevik Revolution
  • Bolshevik Red Guard took over government offices
  • Provisional government leaders arrested
  • Revolution bloodless and the Bolsheviks now ruled
    Russia

12
Bolshevik Reform
  • Farmland divided among the peasants
  • March, 1918- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed and
    the Russians leave the war- Russia surrenders 25
    of their land to Germany
  • Government took over all industries
  • Workers run the factories
  • Widespread unrest in Russia

13
The Russian Civil War 1918-1920
  • Bolshevik opponents (Whites) vs. Bolshevik
    supporters (Reds)
  • 15 million Russians died
  • July, 1918- Nicholas II and his family were shot
  • Leon Trotsky led the Red Army to victory
  • 1922- Bolsheviks faced many problems
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