The Russian Revolution

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The Russian Revolution The End of War

• Mr. Ermer
• World History Honors
• Miami Beach Senior High

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Troubles In Russia

• Russia wasnt prepared for WWI, total war
• Few military leaders, Czar left to plan war
• Russian industry cannot keep up with war
• Lack of leadership and suppliesdeath
• 1914-16 2 million dead, 4-6 million hurt or
  captured
• Czar Nicholas II at war, German wife Alexandra
  left behind to run government
• Alexandra trusts monk-advisor Grigori Rasputin
• Liberals and Conservatives unhappy with gov
• Dec. 1916 Aristocrats assassinate Rasputin

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The March Revolution

• March 8, 1917 Hungry women begin to strike in
  St. Petersburg (Petrograd)
• March 10 Factories close, Czar responds
• Army ordered to shoot at crowds, but dont
• Czar dissolves Duma, they meet anyway
• March 12 Duma names new government
• Duma decides to stay in war for honor
• Protestors still upset
• Local sovietsgroups of women and soldiers,
  threaten new government

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The Bolsheviks

• The Bolsheviks are a socialist group from the
  Russian Social Democrats party
• Come under leadership of V.I. Lenin, Vladimir
  Ilyich Ulianov, who pushes for violent rev
• 1900-17 Travelled Europe, sent back to Russia by
  German army
• Works to gain control of the soviets of soldiers,
  workers and women to take pwr
• Peace, Land, Bread Worker Control of
  Production All Power to the Soviets

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The Bolshevik Revolution

• Oct 1917 Bolsheviks control Moscow Petrograd
  soviets
• November Bolsheviks take control of the Winter
  Palace, seat of provisional govt
• Lenin gives power to soviets, but really keeps
  most power as leader of the Council of Peoples
  Commissars
• March 3, 1918 Because he promised peace, Lenin
  signs treaty with Germany Russia gives up much
  land

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Civil War

• Exit from war does not bring peace
• Bolsheviks rename themselves Communists
• Czarists, liberals, non-Communist socialists are
  joined by the Allied Powers
• Allies want Russia back in war, aid others
• Communist (Red) Army fights against foes from
  Siberia, Ukraine, Baltics (White) Army
• Communists conquer Georgia, Azerbaijan, northern
  Armenia
• July 16 Communists murder Czar family

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After the death of the Russian Royal
FamilyThe Romanovssome thought a family member
may have escaped the execution. In 1921, a woman
in Germany claims she is Grand Duchess Anastasia.
Romanovs living in Germany think she actually is
as well. She dies in the United States in 1984.
10 years later, DNA testing reveals she is not
Anastasia.
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Communist Triumph

• Leon Trotsky lead a well organized, disciplined
  Red Army
• Anti-Communists were disorganized
• war communism helps Red Army supply train
• Red Terror Secret police called Cheka, spy/kill
• Foreign armies in Russia fuel patriotism
• 1921 Communists in total control of Russia, who
  hate the Allies for their support of Whites, no
  other parties/ideas have a say in new Russian govt

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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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Last Year of War

• Allies have bad 1917 losses on Western Front,
  Russias revolution, tired of war
• Up side entry of United States helps
• March 1918 German Gen. Lundendorff leads new
  offensive on Western Front
• French and Moroccan troops joined by 140,000
  fresh American troops, tanks
• Offensive fails, over 1 million Americans on the
  way to Germany, Lundendorff informs Germany army
  war is lost

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German Collapse Armistice

• Allies will not negotiate with German keiser
• Workers, soldiers revolt against govt
• Nov 9 Keiser William II leaves Germany
• Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert creates a
  democratic republic in Germany, ends war
• Nov 11, 1918 Ebert signs armistice
• Austro-Hungarian Empire collapses, replaced by
  Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia

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Wilsons 14 Points

• Jan 1919 Reps from 27 Allied nations meet in
  Paris for peace conference
• Through course of war, reasons change from
  wanting territory to more idealistic goals
• U.S. President Woodrow Wilson offers Fourteen
  Points for peace to Congress
• Open negotiations, reduce weaponry to levels for
  self defense, self-determination
• War was against absolutism militarism
• Europeans see Wilson as champion of democracy and
  freedom

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Paris Peace Conference

• Secret, pre-war treaties complicate peace
• Many blamed Germany for war, pay-back
• France wants reparations from Germans
• Important decisions made by Fr, UK, US
• Germans not invited, Russians busy
• Wilson creates League of Nations
• World joins, US Senate rejects the idea
• Germany is forced to give up buffer land
• Germans see Treaty of Versailles as unfair
• War guilt placed on Germany and Austria

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Work On It

• On page 430, write and answer questions 1-10