RoadRev - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title: RoadRev


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Albany Congress Plan for Union in the
Colonies Author Ben Franklin Link to 1754
Document
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Road to the American Revolution

• Power point projects by the students in Mr.
  Houstons History classes at Harwich High School
• Internet resources listed on the slides.
• Texts by Garraty, Davidson, and Blum also used
  for background information.

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PONTIACS REBELLIONANDTHE PROCLAMATION LINE OF
1763
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Causes

• Indians demanded lower prices on trade goods
  and to be given ammunition
• These demands were not met
• Delaware Prophet and visionary from the upper
  Ohio and his disciple, Pontiac stirred up Native
  America tribes in the area to plan a revolt

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Pontiac
http//isd.ingham.k12.mi.us/99mich/first.htmlpon
tiac

• Chief of Ottawa
• Turned to open warfare and attacked British posts
• Defeated by British troops

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Proclamation Line of 1763

• Geographic line which forbid British settling
  beyond the crest of the Appalachian Mountains
• Kept colonists out of Indian territory
• Solution to Indian warefare
• Did not prevent westward expansion

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The Stamp Act
http//webpages.homestead.com/revwar/files/STAMP.H
TM
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STAMPS!
http//encarta.msn.com
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The Stamp Act
Stamp Act, act introduced by the British prime
minister George Grenville and passed by the
British Parliament in 1765 as a means of raising
revenue in the American colonies. The Stamp Act
required all legal documents, licenses,
commercial contracts, newspapers, pamphlets, and
playing cards to carry a tax stamp. The act
extended to the colonies the system of stamp
duties then employed in Great Britain and was
intended to raise money to defray the cost of
maintaining the military defenses of the
colonies. Passed without debate, it aroused
widespread opposition among the colonists, who
argued that because they were not represented in
Parliament, they could not legally be taxed
without their consent.
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The Stamp Act
Members of the Sons of Liberty, a patriotic
secret society, were particularly active in
opposing the imposition of the stamp tax, and
they led a campaign of physical violence in which
many official stamp agents were attacked by mobs
and their property destroyed. Resolutions of
protest against the act were adopted by a number
of the colonial assemblies. The Virginia House of
Burgesses passed five such resolutions offered by
the American patriot Patrick Henry. Opposition
culminated in the convening of the Stamp Act
Congress to consider organized means of
protesting against the tax. Colonial businessmen
agreed to stop importing British goods until the
act was repealed, and trade was substantially
diminished. Refusal to use the stamps on business
papers became common, and the courts would not
enforce their use on legal documents.
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The Stamp Act
Opposed by the British business community, the
act was repealed by the British Parliament on
March 4, 1766, after the members of the House of
Commons heard the arguments of Benjamin Franklin,
Pennsylvania's representative in London. Repeal
was accompanied by the Declaratory Act, which
affirmed the right of the British government to
pass acts legally binding on the colonists. The
unity of the American colonists in their
opposition to the Stamp Act contributed
substantially to the rise of American nationalist
sentiment, and the conflict between the colonists
and the British government over the Stamp Act is
often considered one of the chief immediate
causes of the American Revolution.
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The Stamp Act
http//encarta.msn.com
Angry colonist protesting the Stamp Act.
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The Declaratory Act
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How It Came About

• Stamp act was repealed and the Declaratory Act
  passed on March 18, 1766
• House of Commons repeal the Stamp Act and adopt
  the Declaratory Act.
• Parliament declared authority over the colonists
  in the empire.
• act decided without a vote, or a division.

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Boycott

• Colonists boycotted all British manufactured
  taxed goods.
• Daughters of Liberty-protest group supported the
  boycott
• They urged colonists to use homespun instead of
  British manufactured cloth.
• Boycott disrupted British economy, producing the
  effect the colonists wanted

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The Power Trip

• Those who did not obey were drawn into question.
• resolutions, votes, orders, and proceedings in
  any of the colonies and plantations-powering
  authority of Britain.

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John Dickinson

• Born in 1732
• Leader of the conservative side in Philadelphias
  political battles
• During the Stamp Act in 1765, he wrote The Late
  Regulations Respecting the British Colonies
• He wrote numerous newspaper articles on taxing in
  the colonies

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http//www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/constitution/d
elaware.html
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Townshend Acts
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Thomas Hutchinson

• Thomas Hutchinson served as Chief Justice of the
  Supreme Court, and he was governor of
  Massachusetts.
• He was very often disliked by the colonists so
  some colonists destroyed his house.
• He was also responsible for sending letters back
  to the British Parliament about putting a
  stronger hold on the colonists.

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Hanging in Effigy
http//www.pbs.org/ktca/liberty/chronicle/hutchins
on-loyalists.html
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Thomas Hutchinson

• He was governor during the Boston Massacre and
  during the Boston Tea Party.
• He was an active loyalist, the loyalist comprised
  of only 1/5 of the American population during the
  Revolutionary War.
• He was only 12 when he went to Harvard College,
  and he graduated in 1727.

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"He was a fair-minded man. He was passionately
loyal to his community, and he ended up the worst
villain in the whole American revolutionary
history. I've puzzled over what happened . . .
he could never comprehend the moral sensibilities
that lay behind the revolutionary movement. He
never was able to empathize with people who were
not as he was a part of the establishment. He
didn't understand people who were sensitive to
what power was because they had never been able
share in it. Hutchinson was born to it."
Bernard Bailyn, Scholar
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The Boston Massacre
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http//webpages.homestead.com/revwar/files/BOSTON.
HTM
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The Boston Massacre was the killing of five men
by British soldiers on March 5, 1770. The growing
of civilian-military tensions that had been
building since royal troops first appeared in
Massachusetts in October 1768. The soldiers were
in Boston to keep order, the people viewed them
as potential oppressors, competitors for jobs,
and threats to social mores. Brawls became common
and resulted in death.
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Signifigance of Event
- gave rebellious leaders propaganda against
the British. - popular legend has made these
colonials who died heroes and martyrs, they were
neither. - widely accepted now that those who
died were no more than the unlucky members of an
angry crowd. - after this event the British
Troops had to evacuate Boston.
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The Boston Massacre
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The Boston Massacre

• March 5, 1770
• Quartered in the city to discourage
  demonstrations against the Townshend Acts
• Three men died in the original attack and two
  more died later
• Was fought on the Boston Common
• Dont know who fired the first shot

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Picture by Paul Revere
Www.encarta.com
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Crispus Attucks

• First man to die in the Boston Massacre
• Black Sailor
• Active in the Sons of Liberty.
• Www.encarta.com

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Gaspee affair
33
http//www.bucklinsociety.net/images/Logos/gasburC
olR.gif
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June 9,1772

• Was the first planned force used by the colonies
• the first deliberate shooting of an English
  military person
• took place on the Rhode island coast
• the crew seized small boats and cut down orchards
  for wood, and stole farmers live stocks

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/militaryhistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa121800
b.htm
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The Gaspee

• The Gaspee was a British ship
• the colonists attacked it because of what the
  crew was doing to them

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Tea Act of 1773
38
http//www.norfolk.k12.ma.us/students/kaufman/revo
lution/tea_act.html
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http//www.wfu.edu/Academic-departments/History/wh
istory/timeline/namerica/1773-1774tea.htm
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http//www.vw.cc.va.us/vwhansd/HIS121/BostonTeaPar
ty.jpg
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• Passed on April 27, 1773 by the English
  Parliament.
• Enacted to save the East India Company by making
  the price of their tea lower than that of the
  colonists by removing the duties of customs.
• Colonists were angry and felt mistreated.
• Didnt let the tea be unloaded from the ships.
  
• On December 13, Samuel Adams led the Boston Tea
  Party.
• Lord North shut down Bostons port when they
  refused to buy the tea.

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The Tea Act of 1773
http//www.stjohnsprep.org/htdocs/sjp_tec/projects
/internet/tea.htm
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The Tea Act of 1773 was created in May when Lord
North believed that the colonists could accept
the tax, understanding that the tea was given to
them cheaply. The Sons of Liberty organized a
boycott of the tea, yet Hutchinson demanded that
the tea be unloaded anyway. However, on December
16, 1773, a group of about 50 colonists led by
Samuel Adams boarded three ships in Boston Harbor
dressed as Mohawk Indians and dumped forty-five
tons of tea into the harbor.
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http//www.multied.com/revolt/Tea.html
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King George, lord North, and others in power were
agitated. They believed that the Bostonians
should be punished as a warning for this act, so
British authority would no longer be
challenged. Ships from all over the colonies
were being sent back with full loads of tea. The
Bostonians Tea Party was just the beginning, and
nowhere near the end.
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http//www.stjohnsprep.org/htdocs/sjp_tec/projects
/internet/tea.htm
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The Boston Tea Party
1773
http//www.bostonteapartyship.com
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The Boston Tea Party
On May 10, 1773, the British parliament
authorized the East India Co., which faced
bankruptcy due to corruption and mismanagement,
to export a half a million pounds of tea to the
American colonies for the purpose of selling it
without imposing upon the company the usual
duties and tariffs.
http//www.bostonteapartyship.com
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If our trade be taxed, why not our lands, or
produce, in short, everything we possess? The tax
us without having legal representation.
The Boston Tea Party
The activation of this act created an unfair
commerce to the merchants of the colonies but it
proved to be the spark that revived American
passions about the issue of taxation without
representation. To fully understand the
resentment of the colonies to Great Britain and
King George III, one must understand that this
was not the first time that the colonists were
treated unfairly.

www.bostonteapartyship.com
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The Boston Tea Party
On the cold evening of December 16, 1773, a large
band of patriots, disguised as Mohawk Indians,
burst from the South Meeting House with the
spirit of freedom burning in their eyes. The
patriots headed towards Griffin's Wharf and the
three ships. Quickly, quietly, and in an orderly
manner, the Sons of Liberty boarded each of the
tea ships. Once on board, the patriots went to
work striking the chests with axes and hatchets.
Thousands of spectators watched in silence. Only
the sounds of ax blades splitting wood rang out
from Boston Harbor. Once the crates were open,
the patriots dumped the tea into the sea.
www.bostonteapartyship.com
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The Boston Tea Party
The patriots work feverishly, fearing an attack
by Admiral Montague at any moment. By nine
o'clock p.m., the Sons of Liberty had emptied a
total of 342 crates of tea into Boston Harbor.
Fearing any connection to their treasonous deed,
the patriots took off their shoes and shook them
overboard. They swept the ships' decks, and made
each ship's first mate attest that only the tea
was damaged. When all was through, Lendall Pitts
led the patriots from the wharf, tomahawks and
axes resting on their shoulders.
1773
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http//webpages.homestead.com/revwar/files/BOSTON.
HTM
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The Intolerable Acts(Coercive Acts)

• The four parts of the Intolerable Acts were
• The Boston Port Act
• Massachusetts Government Act
• The Quartering Act
• The Impartial Administration Act
• The Quebec Act

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Summary

• The Intolerable Acts are also known as the
  Coercive Acts, by the British. There were many
  parts to them. The laws that passed were very
  unwise. They cost Great Britain an Empire.They
  were unfair to the people of the colonies, as
  well. They marked a extreme change in British
  Policy.They made the colonists out to be
  criminals.
• .

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The Boston Port Act the Massachusetts
Government Act

• The Boston Port Act
• it closed ports of Boston so it made it
  impossible to trade.
• The Massachusetts Government Act
• denied Massachusetts people the possibility of
  town meetings.

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The Impartial Administration Act The Quebec Act

• The Impartial Administration Act
• made the point that British officers were to be
  taken out of the jurisdiction, of Mass. Courts
• The Quebec Act
• granted civil government and religious freedom to
  the Roman Catholic peoples of the pre-French
  colonies. It extended the Canadian boundary to
  the Ohio River.

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http//members.cavtel.net/brownrs/