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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Answer Key Epidemiology Is TB on the increase or decrease in the US? Decrease What US populations have the highest number of reported cases ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis


1
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
  • Answer Key

2
Epidemiology
  • Is TB on the increase or decrease in the US?
  • Decrease
  • What US populations have the highest number of
    reported cases per year?
  • Foreign populations

3
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis(TB)
  • What is TB?
  • A slow growing bacteria that effects the
    respiratory tract of humans
  • What other areas of the body can be affected by
    this bacteria?
  • Bone
  • Brain
  • Kidney

4
TB Growth
  • What happens after the bacteria have entered the
    body?
  • They begin to grow in the alveoli (small air
    sacs) of the lungs and then spread throughout the
    lung and body

5
Incubation
  • What is the usual incubation period?
  • 2-6 weeks for TB infection
  • Up to 2 years for TB disease (highest risk)
  • What does a positive skin test mean?
  • Bacteria is in body, but not contagious
  • How contagious is a person showing symptoms?
  • Highly contagious

6
Testing
  • Name the types of testing for TB
  • Tine Test
  • PPD (purified Protein Derivative)
  • Describe the PPD Test
  • The skin of the forearm is injected with
    Tuberculin, and it is checked in three days for a
    possible reaction.
  • No reactionnegative test
  • Reactionpositive test

7
Transmission
  • How is it transmitted?
  • Inhalation of the infectious airborne particles
    or droplet nuclei
  • Infectious particles are carried in the air after
    an infected individual speaks, coughs, sneezes,
    or certain medical procedures are performed.

8
Particles
  • What are these particles called?
  • Droplet nuclei
  • What is the size of the particles?
  • 1-5 micron sized droplets

9
Respirator
  • What is a respirator?
  • A personal protective device that removes air
    contaminants such as dust, mists, and aerosols
    from ambient air.
  • Who has to approve the respirator, and what
    efficiency should it be?
  • NIOSH

10
AFB Isolation
  • What does AFB stand for?
  • Acid Fast Bacilli
  • What are the requirements of an AFB isolation
    room?
  • Warning signs
  • Must be maintained under negative pressure
  • Exhaust air away from air intakes

11
Filters
  • Describe a HEPA filter, and state its use-
  • High Efficiency Particulate Air filter
  • Used to filter air for recirculation in an AFB
    isolation room

12
Settings at Risk
  • What type of setting have a higher risk for TB?
  • Health care settings
  • Correctional institutions
  • Homeless shelters
  • Long-term care facilities for the elderly
  • Drug treatment centers

13
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