Third Crusade

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Third Crusade

• 1). What were the causes of the 3rd Crusade?
• 2). Who was involved on both sides?
• 3). Outcome?

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Saladin Tithe

• Saladin recaptures Jerusalem and Acre 1187.
• Extra 10 tax on the people of Western Europe for
  the Crusade. Why?

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Who?

• Who was involved?
• -Richard I of England -Phillip II Augustus of
  France
• Frederick I (Barbarossa) the
• Holy Roman Emperor
• Saladin

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The Crusade

• Barbarossa ends up drowning
• Richard, Phillip and the rest of the German army
  defeat Saladin at the Battle of Acre.
• Phillip leaves b/c Richard ? slaughter of 3,000
  Muslims when Saladin is slow to pay.

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Richards Fight

• Neither side can win decisive battle. Finally
  agreed to treaty
• Mutual respect
• 1192 Jerusalem stays in Muslim control but
  Christian pilgrims may visit unarmed and
  untouched. Legacy?

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The Fourth Crusade

• 1198 Pope Innocent III calls for crusade, but not
  much interest. Why?
• Crusaders become entangled in Venetian politics
• Sack Constantinople in 1204
• Drives two sects further apart and is the last
  nail for Byzantines.
• EXEMPLIFIES ALL OF THE PROBLEMS OF THE CRUSADES
  FOR THE EUROPEANS

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Childrens Crusade

• Impacted by earlier losses/embarrassment
• 1212 Boys led by Stephen Cloyes from France
  started walking to Jerusalem (possibly sold as
  slaves).

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• In this year occurred an outstanding thing and
  one much to be marveled at, for it is unheard of
  throughout the ages. About the time of Easter and
  Pentecost,4 without anyone having preached or
  called for it and prompted by I know not what
  spirit, many thousands of boys, ranging in age
  from six years to full maturity, left the plows
  or carts which they were driving, the flocks
  which they were pasturing, and anything else
  which they were doing. This they did despite the
  wishes of their parents, relatives, and friends
  who sought to make them draw back. Suddenly one
  ran after another to take the cross. Thus, by
  groups of twenty, or fifty, or a hundred, they
  put up banners and began to journey to Jerusalem.
  They were asked by many people on whose advice or
  at whose urging they had set out upon this path.
  They were asked especially since only a few years
  ago many kings, a great many dukes, and
  innumerable people in powerful companies had gone
  there and had returned with the business
  unfinished. The present groups, moreover, were
  still of tender years and were neither strong
  enough nor powerful enough to do anything.
  Everyone, therefore, accounted them foolish and
  imprudent for trying to do this. They briefly
  replied that they were equal to the Divine will
  in this matter and that, whatever God might wish
  to do with them, they would accept it willingly
  and with humble spirit. They thus made some
  little progress on their journey. Some were
  turned back at Metz, others at Piacenza, and
  others even at Rome. Still others got to
  Marseilles, but whether they crossed to the Holy
  Land or what their end was is uncertain. One
  thing is sure that of the many thousands who
  rose up, only very few returned.Source
• Chronica Regiae Coloniensis Continuatio prima,
  s.a.1213, MGH SS XXIV 17-18, translated by James
  Brundage, The Crusades A Documentary History,
  (Milwaukee, WI Marquette University Press,
  1962), 213

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Reconquista

• The Reconquest of Spain
• -from which group?
• 1140-Established Portugal
• 1300 Control peninsula except for Grenada
• Ferdinand and Isabella complete conquering of
  Spain by 1492.
• Begin expelling Non-Christians

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The Inquisition

• Spanish court to find heretics
• By 1252 torture is used by the Church for gaining
  admission of sin.
• By 1500s Jews and Moors were expelled from
  Spain.

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Impact

• Outcome
• Overall there were nearly 12 Crusades, with none
  successful
• Emphasis shifts to money economy.
• Also, the breakdown of feudalism hastened by
  powerful kings.