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THE CRUSADES

• To take up the Cross

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UNIT THEMES

• The reasons and causes for the Crusades as a
  whole
• The reasons and causes for each individual
  Crusade
• The results and effects of the Crusades
• How we understand the Crusades as Catholics

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With you partner

• When is something worth fighting for?

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Background

• Feudal System
• Bellicose Society and Culture
• Impending threat of Muslims/ Muslim occupation of
  the Holy Land.
• Immensely strong religious duties and bond to
  Christendom
• Great Schism just happened in 1054

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Pope Urban II call to Crusade 1095

• Read Pope Urban IIs address at Clermont.
• Why is he calling for a Crusade?
• Who is his audience who is this call to?
• What is happening to Christians in the east?

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• DEUS VULT!

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Causes for the Crusades

• Protect the Eastern Rite Catholic churches
• Regain the Holy Land
• Shrines, Relics, Holy Places, etc.
• Counter Muslim threat

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Why go on Crusade as an individual?

• Service to country and Religion
• Adventure
• Looking to increase wealth and/or status
• Plenary Indulgence (removal of effects of sin)
• Chance for martyrdom (straight to heaven if you
  die)
• Pilgrimage to the Holy Land
• Duty (Feudal System)

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The First Crusade 1096-1099

• Byzantine Emperor asked Pope Urban II for help
  against Seljuk (Turkish) Muslims
• Pope Urban II called the Council of Clermont in
  1095
• Crusade called to reclaim Byzantine territory
  and free Jerusalem
• Seen as an act of faith in Jesus, a way to
  promote Christian unity and protect pilgrims
• Battle cry Deus vult (God wills it)
• Battle dress a cross of red fabric

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First Crusade Conclusion

• SUCCESS!!!
• Jerusalem is captured, Christians now have
  control of the Holy Land!
• Divided into 4 new fiefs
• Kingdom of Jerusalem
• County of Tripoli
• County of Edessa,
• Principality of Antioch
• Access to Holy Land!

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Outremer States

• Difficult to control
• Many Christians went back to Europe
• Military Orders created to help.
• Mixing of Muslim and Christian culture.

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Second Crusade 1147-1149

• City of Edessa is attacked by Muslims
  Christians respond.
• King Louis VII (France) Emperor Conrad II (Holy
  Roman Empire/Germany) lead the 2nd Crusade.
• Set out to capture Damascus in order to defend
  Jerusalem.
• FAILURE Thought to be due to the sins and moral
  laxity of Christendom

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Third Crusade 1189-1192

• Saladin- Great Muslim leader who has united his
  people and preaches jihad against the Christians.
  
• Takes Jerusalem in 1187
• Christians respond with the 3rd Crusade!
• Richard the Lionhearted (England), Emperor
  Frederick Barbarossa (Germany), King Philip
  (France).
• SUCCESS?!... Sort of Richard the Lionhearted and
  Saladin make a Truce. Christians are granted safe
  and tax free passage to the Holy Land.

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TEAMBUILDING TUESDAY

• Describe a time that you were disobedient. What
  happened?

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Fourth Crusade 1201-1204

• Christians sack Constantinople!
• WHY?!
• Crusaders indebted to Venetian traders
• Political reasons
• Misguided emotions and anger.
• - Did not help the East and West conflict

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Other Crusades

• Unofficial Crusades
• Peoples Crusade Peter the Hermit encouraged
  the regular people of Europe to go on Crusade and
  free the Holy Land ? most were killed
• Childrens Crusade 1000s of children were
  encouraged by their parents to walk to Jerusalem
  and free it ? most starved to death as they
  walked towards the ocean, others were sold into
  slavery

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Other Crusades

• Crusades 5-9
• Peoples Crusade
• Childrens Crusade
• Wendish
• Northern Crusades
• Albigensian
• Aragonese

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Military Orders

• Knights Templar
• Protected pilgrims as the traveled.

• Knights Hospitaller
• Took care of pilgrims and Crusaders.

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Effects of the Crusades

• Negative

• Positive

• 1. Renewed Christian faith,
• 2. Strengthened the influence of the Papacy and
  the Church
• 3. Promoted knighthood and chivalry
• 4. United Christians
• 5. Eastern products paper, silk, spices
  Developed international trade and travel
• 6 . Recovery of relics, land and Churches
• 7. Arabic numerals
• 8. Warded off Muslim Invasion

• 1. The abuses of some of the Crusaders gave the
  Church a bad name
• 2. The attack upon fellow Christians in
  Constantinople made bad feelings between East and
  West worse (4th Crusade)
• 3. The unsuccessful Crusades made some Christians
  bitter
• 4. The Crusades were not permanently successful

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