Kingdoms and Crusades

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Kingdoms and Crusades

• 15.3

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I. England in the Middle Ages

• Alfred the Great united the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
  and drove the Vikings out.
• Angleland or England
• Normandy was an area in western France, across
  the English Channel from England.
• William ruled Normandy and invaded England Hence
  William the Conqueror.
• William ordered a census. It counted the people,
  manors, and the animals in England.

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• Normans brought their northern French customs to
  England. Cultures merged.
• Henry II was a powerful ruler of England who
  created the jury system.
• Grand jury?
• Trial jury?
• King John, Henrys son and successor, angered
  many royals by raising taxes and punishing
  people without
• trial
• Nobles met with John
• and forced him to sign
• the Magna Carta
• What did the
• Magna Carta do?

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• In the 1200s, King Edward I gathered
  representatives from across England to advise him
  and help him make laws.
• This gathering was called the Parliament.
• Parliament was eventual divided into what two
  houses?
• How did the jury system protect people?

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II. The Kingdom of France
Philip IV

• After Charlemagnes empire was divided, the
  western part of the empire became France.
• Frankish nobles chose Hugh Capet to be king in
  987.
• Capetian kings controlled Paris.
• Philip II took the throne and warred with
  England.
• French society had three classes clergy, nobles,
  and townspeople
• In 1302 King Philip IV met with the three
  classes. It was the first meeting of the
  Estates-General (parliament).

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III. Eastern Europe and Russia

• The Slavs settled villages in Eastern Europe
  around A.D. 500.
• The Slavs eventually divided into three major
  groups southern, western, and eastern Slavs.
• In the 700s, Vikings moved into Slav territory.
• Oleg, a Viking ruler, created a Rus state around
  the city of Kiev and called the state Kievan Rus.
• Grand Duke of Kiev was the main ruler.
• As the Kievan Rus grew it attracted missionaries
  from the Byzantine Empire.

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• Vladimir, a Rus ruler, married the Byzantine
  emperors sister and declared his people Eastern
  Orthodox.
• Ivan III (the Great) was the grand duke of
  Moscow. He married Sophia, the niece of the last
  Byzantine emperor. He then called himself czar.
• Ivan IV ended Mongol rule of Moscow and expanded
  its territory.

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IV. The Crusades

• During the Middle Ages, Muslim Turks invaded the
  Byzantine Empire. Pope Urban II asked European
  leaders to capture Jerusalem.
• Thousands of soldiers captured Jerusalem in the
  1st Crusade, conquering lands along the way.
• The conquered lands were divided into 4 states.
• Muslims fought back and then a 2nd Crusade took
  place.

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• Saladin, a Muslim, became the ruler of Egypt.
• Captured Jerusalem
• Europeans lost the 2nd Crusade
• France, England and the Holy Roman Empire banded
  together to fight a 3rd Crusade.
• Draw
• 4th Crusade began around 1200. Merchants used it
  as an excuse to attack Constantinople and seize
  its riches. Byzantine Empire became weaker.

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• 6 more crusades took place but little was
  accomplished.
• Muslims gradually regained the territory they
  lost in the 1st Crusade.
• The Crusades helped break down feudalism and
  increase trade between the Middle East and Europe.

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Crusade Dates of Crusade Crusades Timeline of Events
First Crusade 1096 - 1099 The People's Crusade - Freeing the Holy Lands. 1st Crusade led by Count Raymond IV of Toulouse and proclaimed by many wandering preachers, notably Peter the Hermit
Second Crusade 1144 -1155 Crusaders prepared to attack Damascus. 2nd crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and by King Louis VII of France
Third Crusade 1187 -1192 3rd Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of France, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. Richard I made a truce with Saladin
Fourth Crusade 1202 -1204 4th Crusade led by Fulk of Neuil French/Flemish advanced on Constantinople
The Children's Crusade 1212 The Children's Crusade led by a French peasant boy, Stephen of Cloyes
Fifth Crusade 1217 - 1221 The 5th Crusade led by King Andrew II of Hungary, Duke Leopold VI of Austria, John of Brienne
Sixth Crusade 1228 - 1229 The 6th Crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II
Seventh Crusade 1248 - 1254 The 7th Crusade led by Louis IX of France
Eighth Crusade 1270 The 8th Crusade led by Louis IX
Ninth Crusade 1271 - 1272 The 9th Crusade led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England)