Performance Specification for DesignBuild Projects

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Performance Specification for Design-Build
Projects
CEM 525 PROJECT DELIVERY SYSTEMS By MOHAMMED
JALALUDDIN LECTURER CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
MANAGEMENT DEPT
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Presentation Outline

• Specifications definition its need
• Organization of Specifications
• Types of Specifications
• Performance Specifications
• Descriptive Specifications
• Reference Specifications
• Proprietary Specifications
• Examples

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Objectives of Class

• To define specification ,its need and
  organization of specifications
• To provide an understanding of the different
  types of specifications and provide examples
• To introduce the available performance specifying
  tools within the industry

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Specifications Definition

• Webster's Unabridged Dictionary gives the
  following definition of the term specifications
• "Specifications (usually plural)-A written or
  printed description of work to be done, forming
  part of the contract and describing qualities of
  material and mode of construction, and also
  giving dimensions and other information not shown
  in the drawings."
• Specifications constitute the basic
  communication tools in the construction process.
  Specifications have been used for years to
  describe the product, installation, and
  administrative requirements for construction.
• SPECIFY DESCRIBE OR DEFINE IN DETAIL
• DESCRIPTION OF A PRODUCT OR METHOD
• SPOKEN WORDS
• MODELS
• DRAWINGS
• WRITTEN DESCRIPTION

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Methods of Writing Specifications

• Two basic approaches to writing specifications
• The Method system and
• The Results system.
• Method system
• The specifier describes in detail the materials,
  workmanship, installation, and erection
  procedures to be used by the contractor in the
  conduct of his work operations in order to
  achieve the results expected.
• The method system can best be described as a
  descriptive specification
• The specifications code sets forth specific
  materials and methods that are permitted under
  the law in the construction of a building.

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Methods of Writing Specifications

• Results system
• When the specifier instead elects to specify
  results, he places on the contractor the
  responsibility for securing the desired results
  by whatever methods the contractor chooses to
  use.
• The results system is best described as a
  performance specification.
• Under the performance code, materials and methods
  are left to the architect and engineer, provided
  that performance criteria for fire protection,
  structural adequacy, and sanitation are met.
• As a matter of fact, both the descriptive
  specification and the performance specification
  can be used together in the same project
  specification, each in its proper place, in order
  to achieve the prime objective.

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What is MasterFormat?

• PRAGMATICALLY DEFINED
• Without MasterFormat, construction would collapse
  under information overload.

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CSI

• Construction Specifications Institute
• Founded in 1948. Nonprofit organization
• Developed for the purpose of improving
  specification practices
• Only organization that attempts to bring together
  all of the players of the construction industry.
• Attempts to meet the industrys need for a common
  system of organizing and presenting construction
  information.
• CSI developed a standard method for organizing
  project specifications that became the foundation
  for what is now a comprehensive construction
  communications system called MASTERFORMAT

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What is MasterFormat?

• FORMALLY DEFINED
• MasterFormat is a master list of numbers and
  subject titles classified by work results or
  construction practices for organizing information
  about their requirements, products, and
  activities into a standard sequence.

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What is MasterFormat?

• PHILOSOPHICALLY DEFINED
• Say it once.
• Say it correctly. And
• Say it in right place.?MasterFormat
• is fundamental
• to realizing this
• aspiration.

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FORMATS

• The four most commonly used are
• UniFormat
• MasterFormat
• SectionFormat
• PageFormat

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UNIFORMAT

• A Uniform classification system for organizing
  preliminary construction information into a
  standard order or sequence on the basis on
  elements or systems.
• Elements foundation foot path waterway lock
  gate
• Promotes standardization and facilitates the
  retrieval of information.
• First published in the 1970s to provide a format
  for organization of specifications during the
  early stages of a construction project before
  material have been chosen.
• First formal document used by GSA (General
  Services Administration).
• UniFormat is organized by elements, systems, and
  assemblies that relate to the element and system,
  or assembly depicted in a detail.

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UNIFORMAT ORGANIZATION

• 8 broad categories
• A Substructure
• B Shell
• C Interiors
• D Services
• E Equipment Furnishings
• F Other Building Construction
• G Building Site work
• H General

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• Level 1-3 UNIFORMAT II

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MASTERFORMAT DIVISIONS

• 16 Divisions fixed in number and in title.
• Division 01 - General Requirements
• Division 02 - Site Construction
• Division 03 - Concrete
• Division 04 - Masonry
• Division 05 - Metals
• Division 06 - Wood and Plastics
• Division 07 - Thermal and Moisture Protection
• Division 08 - Doors and Windows
• Division 09 - Finishes
• Division 10 - Specialties
• Division 11 - Equipment
• Division 12 - Furnishings
• Division 13 - Special Construction
• Division 14 - Conveying Systems
• Division 15 - Mechanical
• Division 16 - Electrical

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Why Revise MasterFormat?
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Why Revise MasterFormat?

• New materials and processes.
• Include all types of construction
• Transportation and heavy civil engineering.
• Complex mechanical and electrical projects.
• Industrial and process engineering.
• Facilitate increased database use.
• Address project life-cycle issues.
• Provide flexibility for future.

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Divisions Overview of Changes

• Increase from 16 to 50 divisions.
• Numbers reserved for future expansion.
• Section numbers modified accordingly.
• For continuity, Divisions 03 to 14 remain
  basically the same.

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MasterFormat Example

• MasterFormat 1995
• Section 03300 Cast-in-Place Concrete

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MasterFormat Example
Facility Construction Subgroup

• MasterFormat 2004
• Section 03 00 00 Concrete
• Section 03 30 00 Cast-in-Place Concrete
• Section 03 31 13 Heavyweight Structural Concrete

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MasterFormat Example

• MasterFormat 1995
• Section 02310 - Grading

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MasterFormat Example
Site and Infrastructure Subgroup

• MasterFormat 2004
• Section 31 00 00 Earthwork
• Section 31 22 00 Grading
• Section 31 22 13 Rough Grading

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Types of Specifications

• There are four types of Specifications
• Descriptive Specifications
• Performance Specifications
• Reference Specifications
• Proprietary Specifications
• Closed Proprietary Specifications
• Open Proprietary Specifications

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Descriptive Specifications

• Definition. is a detailed written description of
  the required properties of a product, materials,
  or piece of equipment, and the workmanship
  required for its proper installation.
• Described In Cookbook Fashion Are The Materials,
  Workmanship, Installation, And Erection
  Procedures To Be Employed By The Contractor.
• In Descriptive Specifications And In Proprietary
  Specifications The Products And Processes Are
  Specified But Results Are Not Specified.
• Defines Exact Properties Of Materials And Methods
  Of Installation Without Using Proprietary Names.
• When Descriptive Specifications Are Used, The
  Burden Of Performance Is Assumed By The Preparer.

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Descriptive Specifications Example

• A CONCRETE MIX OF FOUR PARTS COARSE AGGREGATE,
  TWO PARTS FINE AGGREGATES, AND ONE PART CEMENT
  WITH A 0.5 WATER CEMENT RATIOS. A PERFORMANCE
  STRENGTH OF 3000 PSI AFTER 28 DAYS IS IMPLIED IN
  THE DESIGN MIX.

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Descriptive Specifications When to Use ?

• Writing Descriptive Specs Is A Lengthy And A
  Tedious Process.
• When To Be Used
• 1. Brand Names Is Forbidden
• 2. Performance Specs Is Not Adequate
• 3. Adequate Reference Standards Do Not Exist.
• 4. This Approach Is Used When The Specifier Has
  Gained Wealth Of Information And Experience From
  Use Of Known Materials And Methods.

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Performance Specifications

• Definition Is A statement of required results
  with criteria for verifying compliance, but
  without unnecessary limitation on the methods for
  achieving the results.
• OR a performance specification can be defined as
  specifying an end result by formulating the
  criteria for its accomplishment.
• Part 1 Required Results
• Means All Desired End Results Must Be Spelled
  Out.
• Part 2 With Criteria For Verifying Compliance
• Means The Criteria Is Capable Of Measurement,
  Test Evaluation, Or Other Acceptable Assurances.
• Part 3
• Without Unnecessary Limitations On The Methods
  For Achieving The Required Results.

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Definition

• Performance-Based Specifying
• Establishing the required performance of a
  building or building element before it has been
  designed.
• Used whenever it is necessary to fix the quality
  of a building project early in the project
  especially with design-build.

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Performance-Based Specifications

• Describe the required characteristics of physical
  elements of the building, such as building shell
  or interior partitions.
• State clearly how the completed building element
  must perform, totally independent of any design
  solution
• Are ideal for design-build projects because they
  do not limit the design-builder to predetermined
  materials and systems
• Allow a design-builder to propose the most
  cost-effective solution

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Examples

• Construction Specifications
• Interior Partitions Two layers 5/8-in. gypsum
  drywall on 20 gage 3-5/8 in. metal studs 24 o.c.
• Performance Specifications
• Interior Partitions
• Provide NIC-36 between spaces of similar
  function.
• Provide 1 hour fire resistance at corridors.
• Limit total thickness to 5 inches maximum.

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Examples

• Construction Specifications
• Exterior Skin ASTM C 216 modular face brick,
  Type S mortar ladder-type reinforcing at 8
  vertically, ties _at_ 24 o.c.
• Performance Specifications
• Exterior Walls
• Overall U-value Minimum 0.12
• Overall STC not less than 43
• Withstand 35 psf pressure, max 1/360 deflection

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Components

• Performance-Based Specifications
• Element (e.g., exterior wall)
• Factor (e.g., water intrusion)
• Requirement (keep rainwater out of building under
  25 mph wind load)
• Criterion (no leakage when tested per ASTM E 330
  _at_ 6.24 psf differential pressure with 5 gal/sf/hr
  water.

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An Approach to Performance Specifying

• The most recent effort to develop a method for
  performance specifying is the work of the
  National Institute of Standards and Technology.
• Developed criteria for the Department of Housing
  and Urban Development for use in Operation
  Breakthrough the second is for the Public
  Buildings Service for office buildings.
• Both are based on a matrix consisting of
  attributes and built elements or subsystems
• The term "attribute" can be defined as a
  performance requirement.
• The term "built element" is defined as the
  system, sub- system, or assembly specified on a
  performance basis.

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An Approach to Performance Specifying

• The performance requirement is then developed on
  the basis of three major categories requirement,
  criterion, and test.
• These three elements constitute a performance
  specification for a proposed subsystem, as
  follows
• Requirement A qualitative statement of the de-
  sired performance
• Criterion A quantitative statement of the
  desired performance
• Test An evaluative procedure to ensure
  compliance with the criteria

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Example

• If a ceiling is selected as the subsystem (see D
  in Exhibit 7-1) and the attribute, fire safety,
  is to be considered, the performance requirements
  can be developed as follows
• Requirement 1 Provide fire safety.
• Criterion 1 Maximum flame spread 25.
• Test 1 ASTM E84.
• Requirement 2 Provide fire safety.
• Criterion 2 Smoke development shall not exceed
  75.
• Test 2 ASTM E84.
• Requirement 3 Provide fire safety.
• Criterion 3 Heat release rate shall not exceed
  1000 kW 1m2.
• Test 3 ASTM E906.

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Why Arent Performance-Based Specs Used More?

• Stating performance criteria in a clear and
  unambiguous way can be difficult.
• Many important aspects of building performance
  have no established standards for measurement.
• In practice, Very few standards exist on the
  performance of systems, assemblies, and
  composites.
• We are more accustomed to performance
  specifications for some building elements than
  others, e.g.
• Elevator performance

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Performance Specification

• Relax. Its only brain surgery,
• not spec writing.

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Reference Specifications

• Reference standards are requirements set by
  authority, custom, or general consensus and are
  established as accepted criteria.
• They are published by trade associations,
  government, and institutional organization.
• REFERENCE STANDARDS INCLUDES
• ASTM
• American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
  Specifications
• Materials standards
• workmanship Standards
• Test Methods Standard
• ANSI
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
  standards.
• Materials standards
• workmanship Standards
• Reference standards are incorporated in
  specification by reference to a number, a letter,
  or other designation. The provisions of standards
  so referenced become a part of the project
  document.

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Reference Specifications Example

• Before the advent of materials standards such as
  American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
  specifications, American National Standards
  Institute (ANSI) standards,, materials were
  minutely described in the specifications so that
  the contractor was completely aware of what the
  specifier wanted.
• In many instances, these descriptive
  specifications for materials have been supplanted
  by the aforementioned standards.
• For example, in lieu of describing portland
  cement in detail, as to quality, fineness module,
  and other characteristics,
• the Specifier now simply states that portland
  cement must "meet the requirements of ASTM C-150,
  Type_."

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Reference Specifications Incorporate the
Standard Properly

• Incorporate The Standard Properly
• Complete Designation
• Name Of The Writing Organization
• Number Of The Standard
• Title
• Date Of Issue
• The Writing Organization Is Referred To By Its
  Initials Or Acronym. It Is Appropriate To Spell
  Out The Organizations Name Along With Its
  Initials (Acronym) In Parentheses When It Is
  First Mentioned In The Specification Section.
• Use Of Dates
• Standards Are Revised Form Time To Time. The
  Revision Are Dated With The Year Of Issue.
• Approaches For Fixing The Dates Of Reference
  Standards.
• Include the dates of reference standards. For
  Example ASTM C150 -84
• STANDARDS SPECIFICATION FOR PORTLAND CEMENTS
• THE SPECIFIER IS RESPONSIBNLE FOR FINDING DATE OF
  THE LATEST EDITION

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Proprietary Specifications

• Proprietary specifications identify the desired
  products by manufacturers name, brand name,
  model number, type designation, or other unique
  characteristics.
• A specification is considered a proprietary
  specification when the product specified is only
  available from one source.

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Proprietary Specifications Advantages

• Close control of product selection
• Preparation of more detailed and complete
  drawings based on precise information obtained
  from manufacturers data.
• Decreases the size of the specification and
  reduces production time
• Simplification of bidding by narrowing
  competition and removing product pricing as a
  major variable.

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Proprietary Specifications Disadvantages

• Elimination or narrowing of competition
• Requiring products with which the contractor has
  perhaps little or bad experience.
• Favoring of certain products and manufacturers
  over others

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Proprietary Specifications Types

• Closed Proprietary Specifications
• Open Proprietary Specifications
• The Fundamental Distinction Between Closed And
  Open Proprietary Specs Concern
• Substitutions
• Closed Specs Prohibits Substation
• Open Specs Permits Substitution

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Closed Proprietary Specifications

• Only one product is named.
• Several products may be named as options
  Multiproducts Specification Wide Range Of
  Products Difficult To List All
• No substitutions
• Omission Of Some Brands Will Put The Ale Under
  Heavy Questions Form Those Suppliers
• Advantages Of Closed Specs
• 1. Permits Design To Be Completed Down To The
  Smallest Detail. (Promote Accurate Bidding)
• Disadvantages
• 1. High Cost
• 2. Contractor Experience
• 3. Conflict Between The Specifier And The
  Supplier

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Open Proprietary Specifications

• Only one product is named.
• Several products may be named as options
• Products are allowed as substitutions after
  approval by A/E.
• Open proprietary specifications can include
  prices requested for specified alternates
  Substitutions and cost adjustments may be
  proposed by the bidders.

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Performance specifying Tools

• CSI and DBIA PerSpectiveTM
• DBIA/CSI joint venture
• BSD PerSpective

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Performance specifying Tools

• This is the first performance-based
  specifications software created specifically for
  design-build projects.
• A complete relational database, set up so that it
  can be customized for individual projects, both
  owners and design-builders will find it
  invaluable.
• Based on CSI/CSC's UniformatTM, PerSpectiveTM has
  been written to be useful to everyone involved in
  the process owners to describe their technical
  requirements specifiers who need a performance
  specifications master design-builders responding
  to an RFP and owners, designers and constructors
  during the design and construction phases for
  easier and more specific communication

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SUMMARY

• Organization of specification
• UNIFORMAT
• Masterformat
• Types of Specifications
• Descriptive
• Performance
• Reference Standard
• Proprietary