Microworlds

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Microworlds

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Title: Microworlds

1
Microworlds

Christi Cahoon
Activity by Activity

2
Table of Contents

Observing a penny
Peanut Babies
Fabric Observations
Learning about Lenses
Looking through Lenses
Learning to Use the Microscope
Field of View

Mystery Specimen
Plant and animals cells
Onion Activity
Volvox
Blepharisma
Vinegar Eels
Hay Infusions

3
Observing A Penny

BEFORE
Heads Tails
O O
After one minute
Heads Tails
O O

4
Observing A Penny

QUESTION What could we do to help us see the
details of the penny better?
PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS To help us see the details
of the penny better, we could
MATERIALS penny, hand lens, journal
PLAN
1. Use hand lens to observe the penny.
2. Draw a magnified picture of the penny.

5
Observing A Penny

DATA
heads tails
O O
CONCLUSION In complete sentences, show me what
you learned today.
NEW QUESTION Write one or two questions that you
have now.

6
Observing a Penny, Vocabulary

Vocabulary - add these terms to the glossary in
the back of your lab notebook
Observation -
the gathering of information.
Magnify -
To enlarge in fact or in appearance.
Illustration -
An example or instance that helps make something
clear
Abrasive -
A substance for smoothing
Image -
A likeness or imitation of a person or thing
Eroded -
To diminish or destroy

7
Observing A Penny, Content/Inquiry

What are some characteristics found on a penny
that you would find on
other coins?
Date, faces, buildings, In God We Trust,
E-Pluribus Unum
What does E-Pluribus Unum mean, and what language
is it?
One from Many Latin
Why did you use the magnifying glass on the
penny?
To see small items, look for details
How does the smaller magnifier differ from the
larger magnifier?
The smaller one magnifies more detail, than the
larger one

8
Communicating Your Observations

QUESTION How can we use our sense of sight to
become a better scientist?
PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS Using our sense of sight, we
will become better scientists by
MATERIALS journal, screen wire, burlap, yarn,
pencil shavings

9
Communicating Your Observations

PLAN
1. Use the hand lens to observe the yarn, burlap,
screen wire and pencil shavings.
2. Draw a magnified picture of each object.
3. List the observable properties of each object.

10
Communicating Your Observations

DATA
Pencil shavings Burlap
O O
Screen wire Yarn
O O

11
Communicating Your Observations

CONCLUSION In complete sentences, show me what
you learned today.
NEW QUESTION Write one or two questions that you
have now.

12
Communicating Your Observations, Vocabulary

Manipulate
To manage or use skillfully
Texture
The visual surface characteristics and
appearance of something
Variations
Extent of change or difference
Enlarge
Make or grow large
Welded
To unite by heating or pushing
Frayed
Worn ragged

13
Communicating Your Observations, Content/Inquiry

What happened to the materials when they were
manipulated?
Able to make an accurate observation of the item
not an inference.
Why is it important to just draw a small area?
The more details you will observe.
Why did you see hairs on the burlap and yarn?
Burlap and yarn are made out of tiny hairs woven
together.
Which would be more similar to denim the screen
or the burlap?
Burlap
What variations did you observe?
Burlap is woven tighter and is woven in an up
and down pattern. The screen wire is also woven
with the same pattern but not as tight. The yarn
is twisted in a circular motion, not very tight.
How many pieces of threads are woven together to
make a piece of yarn?
3 small strings inter-twined

14
Learning about Lenses

QUESTION What properties allow a lens to
magnify?
PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS Lenses are able to magnify
because
MATERIALS water bottle, wax paper, cube,
sphere, cylinder, newspaper
PLAN
1. Choose one word on the newspaper and underline
the word.
2. Draw the way the word appears when viewed
under each object. (cube, sphere (held two ways),
cylinder, wax paper, wax paper with a drop of
water)

15
Learning About Lenses

DATA
cube sphere
cylinder 1 cylinder 2 wax
paper wax paper
with a water drop
O O O O O O
CONCLUSION In complete sentences, show me what
you learned today.
NEW QUESTION Write one or two questions that you
have now.

16
Learning About Lenses, Vocabulary

Cylinder
Solid figure formed by turning a rectangle about
one side as an axis
Sphere
A globed shaped body
Curvature
The act of curving or being curved
Rounded
Curving or round in shape
Cube
A solid having six equal square sides
Transparent
Clear enough to be seen through

17
Looking Through Lenses

QUESTION How will printed word look through a
concave lens?
HYPOTHESIS Through a concave lens, printed word
will look
MATERIALS newspaper, concave lens, prism,
flexible mirror
DATA
prism concave lens
flexible mirror
O O O

18
Looking Through Lenses

CONCLUSION In complete sentences, show me what
you learned today.
NEW QUESTION Write one or two questions that you
have now.

19
Looking Through Lenses, Vocabulary

Translucent
Not transparent but clear enough to allow light
to pass through
Opaque
Not letting light in
Reflective
Ability to reflect

20
Looking Through Lenses, Content/Inquiry

Why doesnt a flat lenses magnify?
The light rays are not bent on a flat lenses
Do items magnify if they are rounded?
Yes, for example a clear marble, fish bowl,
glass of water
Why do you think the curved shapes magnify?
The light going through the objects is curved
Why are the words upside down when you hold the
magnifier up?
The magnifier, object and the eye invert the
object thus tricking the brain in thinking it is
upside down
Why did the cylinder magnify the word on its
side, but not vertically?
The side is curved thus magnifying, holding the
cylinder vertically it has no curves, it is flat

21
Looking Through Lenses, Content/Inquiry

Can you see through opaque lens?
No
What does an opaque marble look like?
Very solid, in color, usually a very dark color
Whats the difference between translucent and
transparent?
Translucent allows some light to pass through,
transparent allows all the light to pass through
Does deeper water magnify more?
No, the water doesnt magnify, the curved object
it is in does the magnifying. The water adds the
depth

22
Learning to Use the Microscope

QUESTION What do you know about microscopes?
PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS Microscopes . . .
MATERIALS one microscope, one piece of
microfiche, 1 journal
PLAN
1. Use the microscope to view the microfiche.
2. Write about your observations.

23
Learning to Use the Microscope

DATA
1. At one time microscope were called
_______________.
2. Who invented the microscope?
3. Was Leeuwenhoeks store ever opened? Why?
4. What could Leeuwenhoek see with his simple
microscope?
5. What is written on the microfiche in your
hand?

24
Learning to Use the Microscope

CONCLUSION In complete sentences, show me what
you learned today.
NEW QUESTION Write one or two questions that you
have now.

25
Learning to Use the Microscope, Vocabulary

Microscope
An optical instrument that uses lens to produce
magnified images of objects too small to be seen
by the unaided eye

26
Learning to Use the Microscope, Content\Inquiry
Questions

Who invented the microscope?
Anton Leeuwenhoek, first person to make and use
Why was Leeuwenhoeks store never opened?
Leeuwenhoek spent his time trying to create
pieces of glass that would help him see small
things.
What could Leeuwenhoek see with his simple
microscope?
One celled plants and animals, bacteria, blood
of mammals

27
Practicing with the Microscope

QUESTION How will newsprint look under the
microscope?
How will glossy magazine look under the
microscope?
PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS
The newsprint will look . . .
The glossy magazine will look. . .
MATERIALS microscope, journal, newspaper
(colored black and white), magazine
(colored black and white), screen wire

28
Practicing with the Microscope

PLAN
Select a strip of black and white newspaper from
the supply box.
Place a piece of screen wire over the print.
Look at it under the microscope, focus on one
square from the screen wire, and draw your
observations.
Select a strip of colored newspaper from the
supply box.
Look at it under the microscope and draw your
observations.
Repeat steps 1 4 with the magazine strips.

29
Practicing with the Microscope

DATA
NP Black White NP Color
O O
Mag. black white Mag. color
O O

30
Practicing with the Microscope

CONCLUSION In complete sentences, show me what
you learned today.
NEW QUESTION Write one or two questions that you
have now.

31
Preparing Slides

QUESTION How can I view objects of different
dimensions under a microscope?
PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS I can view objects of
different dimensions under a microscope by. . .
MATERIALS journal, microscope, slides, well
slide, coverslip, poppy seeds,
feather, sponge, fish scales

32
Preparing Slides

PLAN
1.Use a well-slide or a wet-mount slide to view
the following objects fish scales, sponge,
feather, poppy seeds.
2.Draw your observations.
DATA fish scales feather
O O
sponge poppy seeds
O O

33
Preparing Slides

CONCLUSION In complete sentences, show me what
you learned today.
NEW QUESTION Write one or two questions that you
have now.

34
Preparing Slides, Vocabulary

Wet mount slides
Slides that requires a drop of water.
Well slide
Also known as a depression slide this type of
slide provides a reservoir with more depth for
holding specimens.

35
What is it?

QUESTION What are the mystery specimens?
HYPOTHESIS I predict that each specimen is. . .
1. 2.
3. 4.
MATERIALS four mystery items(A-D), microscope,
journal, well slide, coverslip

36
What is it?

PLAN
Prepare a well slide with specimen A.
Observe the specimen under the microscope.
Draw your observations and list the observable
properties.
Repeat steps 1-3 with the remaining three
specimens.

37
What is it?

DATA
1. Observable Properties 2.
Observable Properties
O O
Result ____________ Result
____________
3. Observable Properties 4. Observable
Properties
O O
Result ____________ Result ____________

38
What is it?

CONCLUSION In complete sentences, show me what
you learned today.
NEW QUESTION Write one or two questions that you
have now.

39
Robert Hooke

QUESTION Who is Robert Hooke?
PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS Robert Hooke is. . .
MATERIALS journal, student investigations book
p.35, pencil
PLAN
1. Read selection from student investigation
book.
2. Answer questions in a complete sentence in
DATA section of journal.

40
Robert Hooke

DATA
1. Before Hooke became a scientist he wanted to
be a _________.
painter
2. While Leeuwenhoek was busy building
microscopes and looking at a great variety of
microbes in his little shop in the Netherlands,
what was Hooke busy doing at this time?
Hooke was doing the somewhat the same thing in
England.
3. What is a major differences between Hooke and
Leeuwenhoek?
Hooke drew what he saw through his microscope.

41
Robert Hooke

DATA (cont)
4. What tool did Hooke invented while he was
experimenting?
Hooke invented the barometer.
5. Name at least two items that Hooke drew in
detail using his simple and compound microscopes?
Hooke drew insects and their parts, the point
of a needle, the edge of a razor, insects in
rainwater (microbes), snow crystals, and pieces
of cork.

42
Robert Hooke

CONCLUSION In complete sentences, show me what
you learned today.
NEW QUESTION Write one or two questions that you
have now.

43
Onion Experiment

QUESTION How does an onion look on the inside?
PREDICTION/HYPOTHESIS The inside of an onion
looks like. . . (use words, but you may also draw
a picture)
MATERIALS onion, forceps, microscope, wet-slide,
journal

44
Onion Experiment

PLAN
1. Observe the outside of the onion and describe
its exterior.
2. Make two different sketches at each different
level of
observation. The first sketch will record what
you predict, the second will record what you
actually observe.
3. Prepare a wet-mount slide of the onion skin
to look at under the microscope.

45
Onion Experiment

DATA
PREDICT Sketch what you think you would see if
you cut an onion lengthwise from the leaf end to
the root end.
PREDICT Next sketch what you think you would see
if you cut one of your onion slices in half
across the roundest parts.