SMART PARKING AUTOMATION AND CONTROL EVALUATION SYSTEM

1
SMARTPARKINGAUTOMATION ANDCONTROLEVALUATIONS
YSTEM

• Group 6
• Ian Adams
• Kelly Graf
• Derek Rick Puccio
• José Saumell

2
What is SPACES?

• Fully automated parking access
• Consists of
• uniquely coded transponder
• transceiver
• database to record the date and time of each
  vehicle entering and exiting
• modular design
• Capable of
• identifying and logging over 35,000 vehicles
• identifying vehicles up to 5 meters from gate
• authorizing entrance or exit in less than 1
  second

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Why SPACES?

• SYSTEM
• Manned Entry System
• Keypad System
• Passkey System
• SPACES

• REQUIRES
• Staffed personnel
• Numerical code
• Passkey
• No human intervention therefore eliminating human
  error

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General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
5
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
6
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
7
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
8
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
9
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
10
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
11
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
12
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
13
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
14
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
15
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
16
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
17
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
18
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
19
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
20
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
21
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
22
General Functionality
Diplexer
SAW
Receiver
A/D Converter
Transmitter
Storage
CPU
Approaching Vehicle Sensor
Ethernet
Gate
Gate Sensor
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Transmitter

• Requirements
• Triggered by single clock pulse
• Pulse width less than 1 msec
• Pulse shape close to triangular
• Transmit 24 dB of power

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Transmitter Block Diagram
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Transmitter Schematic
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Monostable Multivibrator

• Pulse width lt 1 ms

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Monostable Multivibrator

• Pulse width lt 1 ms
• TRxCxln1/(1-b)

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Monostable Multivibrator

• Pulse width lt 1 ms
• TRxCxln1/(1-b)
• bR1/(R1R2)

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Monostable Multivibrator

• Pulse width lt 1 ms
• TRxCxln1/(1-b)
• bR1/(R1R2)
• From eqn
• R1R210kW
• Rx10kW
• Cx145pF

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Monostable Multivibrator

• In actuality
• R1R2Rx4.7kW
• Cx100pF

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Inverting Integrator

• Integrates square pulse into triangular pulse
• Inverts pulse and removes negative components
• Amplifies signal

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Antennae
Requirements 1. Operate at 418 MHz2. Less than
1 x 1 x 1/23. Less than 10dB
loss Options 1. l/2 Straight Antenna 2. l/4
Straight Antenna 3. Linx Technologies Splatch
Antenna l c/f
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AntennaeRequirements1. Operate at 418 MHz2.
Less than 1 x 1 x 1/23. Less than 10dB loss
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Auto Transponders

• Used to identify vehicles approaching gate
• Sends coded response to interrogation signal
  received from gate hardware
• Must operate over wide temperature range (0-75
  degrees Celsius)
• Must be light / compact
• Must be inexpensive / reproducible

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Design Considerations

• Passive
• No power supply
• More rugged
• Easy to design/build
• Code sequence cannot be changed
• Very high losses

• Active
• Requires onboard power
• ICs more susceptible to environment
• More complex for design/implementation
• Dynamic code sequence
• Little loss

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SAW ID Tags

• 16 bit code
• 418 MHz center frequency
• RF echo delay
• Reflected waves return to transducer in sequence
• Beam width optimized
• Temperature effects

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Receiver

• Input is response signal from transponders
• Outputs a discrete sequence of 0s and 1s for
  input to computer
• Amplitude demodulation
• Must have low noise figure / high amplification
• Harmonic suppression

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Receiver Block Diagram
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Low Noise Amplifier

• Noise considerations
• Low noise
• High gain
• µPC1658G specs
• 23 dB Gain
• 2.2 dB noise figure
• -45 to 75 degrees Celsius

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Oscillator

• Options are crystal, RLC, and voltage-controlled
• VCO chosen for dynamic range capability
• VCO-P-A22 specs
• 7 dBm ouput power
• 2-10 volts tuning voltage (use voltage divider)
• 10 dBc harmonic suppression
• -30 to 70 degrees Celsius

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AD834 Mixer

• Differential inputs
• Voltage to current characteristic
• Mix directly to baseband
• Bandwidth
• 0-500 MHz
• Removes harmonics
• 0 to 70 degrees Celsius

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Lowpass Filter

• Eliminate harmonics produced by mixing signal to
  baseband
• Passive RLC circuit
• Cutoff frequency determined by
• wc (LC)-1/2
• Relationship between resistance and capacitance
• Q wcCR

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Lowpass Filter
fc 3 kHz C 5 nF L 500 nH R 5 kW
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Comparator

• Implements 0s and 1s for input to SRAM
• Open loop operation amplifier
• Inverting input connected to 50 mV
• Vcc connected to 5V (logic 1)

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Optical Sensors

• Same sensors as used in garage door openers
• Manufactured by Genie
• Chosen for availability
• 12 V powered from computer power supply

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Arm Gate Interface

• Interface design compatible with most gates
  through the use of relays.
• Computer controls the interface with Parallel
  port.
• PROBLEM
• Parallel Port outputs logic 1 2.4 - 5v
  (2.6ma Max.) logic 0 0 - 0.8v
• Relays. 12v nominal current 60ma.

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Arm Gate Interface Circuit
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A/D Converter

• Circuit converts signal from the saw tag to
  digital format.
• Problem
• The frequency of the incoming signal (5 MHZ) is
  too high to use regular A/D converters.

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A/D Converter Circuit
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SOFTWARE

• Divided into two main programs.
• Control Program handles the gate and decoding of
  the signal coming from the tag.
• Graphical User Interface allows the administrator
  to manage the database, view real-time activity
  and control the gate manually.

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Graphical User Interface

• The administrator accesses the system with a
  regular Internet Browser.
• Two way communication with http server through
  CGI (Common Gateway Interface)

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Data Management

• The system records every time a car enters or
  leaves the parking garage.
• The user has access to a list of all the cars
  that come on a particular day, a particular month
  or any period of time needed.
• The database is relational and the engine used is
  MySQL.

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Database Structure
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Separation of Duties
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Completion Progress
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Budget
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Milestone Chart
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