Managing Travel Demand Presentation

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MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND TO MITIGATE CONGESTION
Part Two OPERATIONAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIE
S TO MANAGE DEMAND
donpeat.com
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Road Map for the Day

• June 26 - Operational and Infrastructure
  Strategies

Schreffler
Pricing Strategies
Overview
Institutional Strategies
Operational Strategies
Infrastructure Strategies
Integration
Exercise
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MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND TO MITIGATE CONGESTION
OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES
donpeat.com
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Operational Strategies

• Strategies that help do more with what we
  already have
• Active Traffic Management
• Traveler Information

Hull
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Active Traffic Management

• Subject of 2006 International Scan Study
• Definition the ability to dynamically manage
  recurrent and non-recurrent congestion based on
  prevailing traffic conditions. Focusing on trip
  reliability, it maximizes the effectiveness and
  efficiency of the facility and increases
  throughput and safety. This approach consists of
  a combination of operational strategies, that
  when implemented in concert, fully optimize the
  existing infrastructure and provide measurable
  benefits to the transportation network and
  motoring public.

Source Hull and AVV
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Active Traffic Management

• Reported Impacts from Europe
• An increase in average throughput for congested
  periods of 3 - 7
• An increase in overall capacity of 3 to 22
• A decrease in primary incidents of 3 - 30
• A decrease in secondary incidents of 40 - 50
• An overall harmonization of speeds during
  congested periods
• Decreased headways and more uniform driver
  behavior
• An increase of travel time reliability
• The ability to delay the onset of freeway
  breakdowns

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Active Traffic Management - Potential Benefits
FHWA
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Active Traffic Management

• Speed Harmonization
• Slow traffic before queuing begins
• Extend time of efficient travel to users
• Delay point of breakdown
• Benefits are reduced accidents, increased
  throughput, and better work zone safety

Hull
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Active Traffic Management

• Queue Warning
• Inform motorists of reason for slower speeds
• Includes congestion, accident and construction
• Integrated into overhead system

Hull
www.chielie.nl
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Source State of Hesse
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Active Traffic Management

• Dynamic Merge Control
• Gives priority to lane with higher volume
• Can prevent conflicts at merge and downstream
  queuing
• Is not same as ramp metering

Source BMVBW
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Active Traffic Management

• Automated Speed Enforcement
• Speed reduction linked with photo enforcement
• Cameras used to measure speed at two points
• Automated Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) data
  used for violations
• Test on Dutch A13 for noise and pollution
• Emissions reduced 15 - 30
• Accidents cut in half
• Noise levels down in neighborhoods

Hull
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Active Traffic Management

• Putting It All Together M42 UK
• Use of hard shoulder
• Break-down areas
• Driver info panels
• Speed control
• Photo enforcement
• CCTV

Source Highways Agency
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http//www.highways.gov.uk/knowledge/documents/atm
_start.swf
http//www.highways.gov.uk/knowledge/documents/atm
_start.swf
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Traveler Information

• Advanced Traveler Information Systems
• Pre-, Near, and On-trip Information
• A variety of collection sources
• Compilation and coordination
• A variety of distribution avenues
• Being implemented as 511 in U.S.
• Real-time
• Multi-modal

Hull
Source Hull
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Traveler Information

• Traveler Responses
• Change route
• Change mode
• Change departure time
• Change destination

Source FHWA
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Traveler Information
Hull

• Integrated Example CityInfoCologne
• On-street parking information
• Arterial travel time information
• In-vehicle navigation enhancements
• Door-to-door public transit and park-and-ride
  information
• Parking availability warning service
• Car versus park-and-ride travel time comparison
• ALL IN REAL TIME

Hull

Schreffler
Schreffler
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Traveler Information

• Dutch Policy on Traffic Information
• Dutch national TMC policy
• Information and channels differ by situation
• Situation 1 - From benign supplier of data
• Situation 2 - Active informer of road works
• Situation 3 - Active manager of incidents
• Situation 4 - Controller of network during
  calamities
• Supporting new public/private partnership to
  coordinate information (e.g., SWINGH in The Hague)

Hull
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Traveler Information

• Travel Time Prediction
• Dutch prototype uses archived data to predict
  travel times for O/D, day of the week and desired
  departure time
• Output is predicted travel time with some
  indication of the std dev of the estimate
• German system uses data from last few hours to
  predict times for next 30 minutes
• Some exploration of travel time prediction in
  U.S.

Sources MTC and AVV
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Traveler Information

• Dutch View on Trends in Traveler Information
• From collective to individual information
• From broadcast to interactive services
• From static to dynamic information
• From road side to in-vehicle and mobile
  information
• From single mode to multi modal and door to door
• From information supply to mobility management
• From national to national regional (and in
  interaction with traffic management)

Hull

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MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND TO MITIGATE CONGESTION
INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIES
donpeat.com
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Infrastructure Strategies
Hull

• Physical Improvements to Support
• Travel Choices
• Automobile Access Control
• Special Facilities
• Special Lanes
• Improved Transit Facilities

Source Georgia DOT
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Access Controls

• AUTO ACCESS CONTROLS AND RESTRICTED AREAS
• Access Control Zone (ZTL) in Rome
• Cordon around historic core (5 km2)
• Begun in 89, automated in 98
• Non-residents pay 460/yr and must have
  off-street parking space
• New public transit infrastructure (tram lines,
  park-and-ride lots)
• Smart on-street parking
• Impact of ZTL and pricing
• Traffic volumes down 15-20 in zone
• Speeds up 4
• Public transit use up 5
• Mopeds, scooters and motorcycles also up

Sources Schreffler and ATAC
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New Special Facilities

• Park and Ride
• Rail/BRT stations
• Transit termini/stops
• Carpool/vanpool lots
• Shared lots (churches, shopping)
• Special events
• Effectiveness (DETR UK Study 98)
• Evaluated systems in eight cities
• Reduced VMT to and traffic in CBD
• Most effective when coupled with CBD long-term
  parking supply reduction

Source FHWA/Houston METRO and Highways Agency
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New Special Facilities

• Parking Management
• Parking maximums (vs. minimums)
• Parking caps
• Shared parking
• Preferential parking for carpools
• Satellite parking and shuttles
• Parking information systems
• Parking guidance systems (real-time)
• Parking pricing (by time of day)
• Separating parking from lease
• Comprehensive parking management plan with
  sufficient alternatives and contingencies

Schreffler
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New Special Facilities

• Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities
• Bike lanes and routes
• Bicycle parking and storage
• Bicycle maintenance facilities
• Pedestrianization/continuity
• Bike/Ped improvements can be cost effective in
  reducing vehicle trips, VMT, emissions and energy
  use on a cost per unit of impact

Source Hull
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New Special Facilities

• Carsharing
• Widespread in Europe (Germany, Switzerland)
• 18 cities, 234,000 members and 2,800 vehicles in
  U.S. (2008)
• Some members get rid of 2nd car
• Impacts (2006 Swiss Evaluation)
• Mobility Carshare (63,000 members 1,700 shared
  vehicles
• Carshare vehicles used less gas
• Net reduction in VMT per member
• 22 would buy a car if carsharing was not
  available and would drive 26 more

Source Schreffler
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Use of Existing Lanes

• Use of the Hard Shoulder
• Dutch Rush Hour Lanes
• Uses hard shoulder running between interchanges
• Only operates during peak periods
• Lower speeds
• No measurable increase in accidents

Source AVV
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Use of Existing Lanes

• Creation of Extra Left Lane
• Dutch Plus Lanes
• Add narrower lane to facility
• Only operates during peak periods
• Lower speeds (45 mph)
• No measurable increase in accidents

Source AVV
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Cross-section of Plus Lane and Signage
70 KPH 40 MPH
Source AVV and Rijkswaterstaat
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Use of Existing Lanes

• New Research into Dynamic Striping

Dutch Test Center - Delft
Hull
Source BMVBW
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New Public Transport Improvements

• Suburban Park and Ride Service
• Highway Transit Stations
• Stockholm, Sweden
• Stockholm Trial included 16 new express bus
  lines with 200 new buses implemented before
  pricing
• One seat service
• Using clean ethanol buses
• Improved bus priority system

Source WSDOT and Stockholmsforsoket
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New Public Transport Improvements

• Bus Rapid Transit
• High quality, faster service
• More flexible than rail
• Can promote transit-oriented development
• Examples
• Lund-link (Sweden)
• Links rail station to employment centers
• City controls land along ROW

Source City of Lund
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Resources

• Active Traffic Management
• http//international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07012/
• Virtual Tour of ATM Concept
• www.highways.gov.uk/knowledge/documents/atm_start.
  swf
• Washington State ATM Feasibility Study
• www.psrc.org/projects/atm/index/htm
• Traveler Information
• http//ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/manag_demand_
  tis/travelinfo.htm

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Resources

• CarFree Cities www.carfreecity.us
• Parking Management www.vtpi.org/park_man.pdf
• LA HOV Evaluation www.mta.net/projects_programs/
  HOV/hov_exec_summary.pdf
• Carsharing http//nelsonnygaard.com/articles/tcr
  p_rpt_108_execsumm.pdf
• National BRT Institute www.nbrti.org