Title: The Colonies Grow
1The Colonies Grow
- Between 1607 and 1775 an estimated 690,000
Europeans 278,000 Africans came to live in the
colonies.
2Texas 8th grd US History TEKS
- (2) (B) compare political, economic, religious,
and social reasons for the establishment of the
13 English colonies. - (3) (A) explain the reasons for the growth of
representative government and institutions during
the colonial period - (B) analyze evaluate the importance of the
Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut, and the Virginia House of Burgesses
to the growth of representative government and - (C) describe how religion and virtue contributed
to the growth of representative government in the
American colonies. - 12) Economics. The student understands why
various sections of the United States developed
different patterns of economic activity. The
student is expected to - (A) identify economic differences among different
regions of the United States - (B) explain reasons for the development of the
plantation system, the transatlantic slave
Atlantic triangular growth of the slave trade,
and the spread of slavery - (15) Government. The student understands the
American beliefs and principles reflected in the
Declaration of Independence, the U.S.
Constitution , and other important historic
documents. The student is expected to - (A) identify the influence of ideas from historic
documents, including the Magna Carta, the English
Bill of Rights, the Mayflower Compact, The Wealth
of Nations, the Declaration of Independence, the
Federalist Papers, and selected anti-federalist
writings, on the U.S. system of government
3New England Colonies New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island
- Made up of small towns that were well-organized
with a church in the center. - The soil was hard and rocky and the winters were
cold and long, leading to little to no cash-crop
farming. - Subsistence farming (just enough to survive) was
common. - The primary industries were fishing,
shipbuilding, timber, whaling, and merchant
trade. - The population was predominantly white, of
English ancestry, and of the Puritan religion.
4Middle Colonies
- More fertile soil than New England and milder
winters led to a longer growing season with cash
crops of grains, fruits, and vegetables. - Became known as the breadbasket colonies.
- Many industries, mainly such as skilled labor
like carpentry and iron works as well as merchant
trade. Largest cities were New York City and
Philadelphia. - Immigrants from many different countries in
Europe created the most diverse region of the
colonies. - Religions here were very diverse including
Puritan Christians, Quakers, Catholics, and Jews.
5Southern Colonies
- Rich soil and warm climate leads to year-round
farming and little or no industry. - The Triangular Trade was a route between the
Americas, Europe, and Africa. Most African slaves
arrived on the Middle Passage. - Tobacco was the main cash crop in Virginia, NC,
and Maryland, increasing the need for African
slaves. Too much tobacco production caused
prices to fall. - South Carolina Primary cash crops were rice and
indigo. Rice paddies were knee-deep under water,
exposing the slaves to sun and mosquitoes. - The majority of the population was made up of
Anglicans from England along with a large
population of African Slaves. - Slaves could be whipped, hanged, punished if
family ran away. They could be sold away from
their family at any time. - Most Southerners were not slaveholders but
believed it was necessary for the economy.
6Slavery and Free Blacks
- As the number of plantations in the south grew,
so did the number of slaves that were needed to
work their fields of tobacco, rice, sugar cane,
indigo, and later cotton. - There was a small number of actual free blacks
throughout the colonies. - Most had obtained their freedom by buying it from
their masters, some were set free by their
masters or by their masters will (manumission). - Many free blacks in the north were former runaway
slaves. - Free blacks did not have the same rights as
whites. - They couldnt vote, most were not allowed to
attend any type of school, they couldnt own
guns, nor be preachers. - This may surprise you Some free blacks actually
owned their own black slaves!
7Foundations of English Government
- Two principles influence the English government
- Limited Government
- Representative Government
- In the year 1215 King John of England, a
Crusader, was forced to give up much royal power
in signing the Magna Carta. - The Magna Carta protected the nobles against
unjust punishment and the loss of life, liberty,
property. - This marks the first time a kings power was
limited by the people he ruled. - The Magna Carta will serve as an inspiration for
the American colonists as they fight for their
independence and form their own government. - "No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned,
disseised, outlawed, banished, or in any way
destroyed, nor will We proceed against or
prosecute him, except by the lawful judgment of
his peers and by the law of the land."
8The English Bill of Rights (1689)
- In 1689 William Mary became the new king and
queen of England. This became known as the
Glorious Revolution. - Before they could start their reign, they had to
sign the English Bill of Rights. - This gave English citizens many basic rights,
including no taxation without representation and
trial by jury. - The colonists believed that as English citizens,
those rights extend across the ocean to the
American colonies. - Some of the rules in the English Bill of Rights
(sound familiar?) - the pretended power of suspending of laws, or the
execution of laws by regal authority,
without consent of Parliament, is illegal.
(Parliament is like our Congress) - the raising or keeping a standing army within the
kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with
consent of Parliament, is against law. - the subjects which are Protestants may have arms
for their defence suitable to their conditions,
and as allowed by law. - excessive bail ought not to be required, nor
excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual
punishments inflicted.
9What England Wants
- England uses the colonies for its raw materials.
They turn those raw materials into finished
goods. This was basic mercantilism. - Mercantilism the economic system used by
European colonial nations to get rich and
powerful. - 1. colonies provide raw materials for the mother
country - 2. the mother country turns the raw materials
into finished goods - 3. it then sells the goods back to the colonies
and other nations - 4. the main goal is to increase a countrys gold
supply - England wants to ensure that only they benefit
from all trade with the American colonies. - To ensure this, they pass the Navigation Acts.
This forces the colonies to only transport goods
in English ships to England. - The colonies are not allowed to trade with other
countries. This angers the colonists and leads to
colonial smuggling.
10The Great Awakening
- The Great Awakening happened between the 1720s
and 1740s, starting in England then spreading to
the American colonies. - Causes many Christians became unsatisfied with
the laziness of the established churches and
their authority over their people. - Revival preachers such as George Whitfield and
Jonathan Edwards preached about an angry God and
urged the people to reject their lazy church
leaders and return to their strong faith of
earlier days. - Effects it encouraged Americans to question and
even reject the authority of individuals that
were not working in their best interest, whether
in religion or in government. - Another result was the creation of several new
Christian churches such as the Baptists,
Methodists, and Presbyterians.
11Education in the Colonies
- Education was very important in the New England
colonies. It was necessary to learn to read so
you could read the Bible. - As in Europe, the few Americans that could read
were either religious figures or members of the
wealthy aristocrats. The majority of Americans
couldnt read. - Colleges were originally founded for the purpose
of training ministers. - The first college in the colonies was Harvard, in
Massachusetts. The second was William Mary, in
Virginia.
12The Enlightenment and Freedom of the Press
- The Enlightenment began in the mid-1700s.
- It was a period when people began to believe that
reason, knowledge, science could improve
society. - It was influenced by the writings and ideas of
European philosophers such as John Locke
(consent of the governed) and Montesquieu
(separation of powers, checks and balances). - Famous Americans that were members of this
movement were Benjamin Franklin, Washington,
Adams, Jefferson, Madison, and Thomas Paine. - In 1735 John Peter Zenger, a German immigrant and
newspaper writer, was arrested and charged with
libel for writing critical articles about the
royal governor of New York. - At his trial, a jury found him not guilty. This
became an important step toward freedom of the
press in the colonies.
13The French and Indian War (1754-1763)France vs.
Great Britain
- Fought in North America but later became part of
the Seven Years War, a worldwide war between
France and Great Britain. - They are competing for resources, particularly
rich hunting territories, in the Ohio River
Valley. - Native American support is vital to both sides.
- French have better relations with the Native
Americans but the powerful Iroquois tribe joins
the British, upsetting the balance. - American colonists, considering themselves
British citizens, fight with the British army
against the French.
14Introducing George Washington
- George Washington, a young American officer, is
sent by the British to monitor and keep French
soldiers from western Virginia. - Washington finds a small French force and attacks
them. After a battle, the French surrender. - Expecting a larger French force to attack,
Washington has his men build Fort Necessity. - The French attack Washington at Fort Necessity
and force him to surrender but is allowed to
leave. - Upon his return, many viewed him as a military
hero for striking the first blow on the French. - Serving under British General Edward Braddock,
Washington and a large British army attempt to
attack the French at Fort Duquesne but instead
are attacked and defeated by French and Indian
forces in the forest. Why?
15Albany Plan of Union
- After attacks from Indians allied with the
French, Benjamin Franklin calls for a meeting of
representatives from the colonies in Albany, New
York to find a way to defend themselves against
the French and their Indian allies. - Franklins Albany Plan of Union called for one
general government among the colonies. This
elected legislature could - Collect Taxes 2. Raise Troops 3. Regulate Trade
- Not a single colony agreed but this was the first
time that a union of the colonies was suggested.
It wont be the last. - Look closely at Franklins drawing regarding his
Albany Plan of Union. What do you suppose was
its message?
16The War ends with a British Victory
- In 1762, the French cities of Quebec and Montreal
in Canada finally surrender to the British,
causing fighting in North America to end. Can you
find these cities? - Treaty of Paris of 1763 ends the French and
Indian War. The terms were - The French lost all of Canada all land east of
the Mississippi to the British. - Spain gave Florida to Great Britain
- Spain received Louisiana Territory New Orleans.
- This treaty marked the end of France as a power
in North America. - Look closely at the map. What do you notice about
New France?
17Results of the French and Indian War
- The British victory causes Native Americans to
lose their French ally and trading partner. - American settlers moved onto Native American
lands west of the Appalachians, leading to
Pontiacs War. - Led by their leader, Chief Pontiac, the Ottowas
go to war against the Americans. Britain has had
enough. - Britains Proclamation of 1763 prohibits American
colonists from settling west of the Appalachian
Mountains. - Americans feel they won that land fair and square
and that this law restricted their rights to
expand westward. They move there anyway. - Britain is left with a huge war debt. The British
government decides that the American colonists
should help pay that war debt. How does a
government collect money from its citizens?
When I go to see the English commander and say
to him that some of our comrades are dead,
instead of bewailing their death as our French
brothers do, he laughs at me.