The Thirteen Colonies

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The Thirteen Colonies
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• During the 1600s and 1700s many English
  settlers moved to North America.
• People believed that they had a better chance to
  make a living in North America or to find
  freedoms that they did not have at home.
• These settlers established the 13 Colonies.

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• The 13 colonies are located along the coast of
  the Atlantic Ocean.
• The Appalachian Mountains formed a natural
  boundary to the west of the colonies.

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• The geography and climate of the 13 colonies
  separated them into 3 different regions
• New England
• Middle Colonies
• Southern Colonies

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New England Colonies

• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• New Hampshire

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• New Englands geography was shaped by glaciers
  during the Ice Age. As glaciers moved they cut
  deep valleys through the mountains and left a
  thin, rocky layer of dirt.

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• The rocky, sandy land made it difficult to farm.
• The regions and rugged mountains made it hard to
  find good farmland.
• The climate also affected farming. Summers were
  warm but winters were long and very cold. This
  made the growing season short (late May to early
  October).

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• Farming was hard but the area had many natural
  resources. The resources helped the colonists
  make a living. They used the wood from the forest
  to build buildings and ships. They caught fish
  and whales to use for food and other products.

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Massachusetts

• Puritans were English colonists who settled in
  New England during the 1600s.
• These settlers wanted to live in a community
  where they could follow the rules of the Bible
  and serve their God.
• Religion shaped the government of the
  Massachusetts Bay Colony. One law required all
  people to attend Church on Sundays.

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Rhode Island

• Roger Williams, a dissenter wanted more religious
  freedom, so he began the colony of Rhode Island.
• A dissenter is a person who does not agree with
  the beliefs of his or her leaders.
• Williams believed that the government should not
  make laws about religion.
• In Rhode Island, people could worship freely. He
  also kept the government separate from the
  church.
• Anne Hutchinson, was also a dissenter, who was
  banished from Massachusetts. She held meetings in
  her home where both men and women talked about
  religion.

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Connecticut

• Thomas Hooker was a minister who also did not
  like the rules of the Puritan leaders.
• He wanted to form a community where all men could
  vote even if they were not members of the church.
• In 1636, he led about 100 colonists to the
  Connecticut River where he founded the town of
  Hartford. Along with other colonists looking for
  good farmland, they created the colony of
  Connecticut.

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New Hampshire and Maine (part of Massachusetts)

• These colonies were formed by other colonists
  that moved from the Massachusetts Bay area
  because they did not agree with the Puritan
  rules.

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Conflict over the land.

• The New England colonies were founded on lands
  where Indians lived.
• The Indians and colonists disagreed on who owned
  the land. The Indians believed that no one truly
  owned the land but the colonists disagreed with
  them
• In the 1630s, a war broke out between the
  colonists and the Pequot Indians. Most of the
  Indians were killed.
• In 1675, Metacomet, the leader of the Wampanoag
  Indians, became known as King Phillip to the
  colonists. He and his tribe attacked the
  colonists because of the fight over the land.
  This war became known as the King Phillips War.

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Life in New England

• New England colonists made a living by using
  resources from the land and sea.
• Many people specialized in ship building and
  fishing.
• The most common fish was cod.

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Triangular Trade

• Colonists began exporting fish and whale oil
  between North America, Europe, and Africa.

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Slavery

• Some traders in the triangular trade made money
  by selling humans.
• In Africa, traders bought enslaved African men,
  women, and children. They were put on ships and
  sent to the West Indies. This passage was known
  as the Middle Passage because the Africans would
  then be shipped to North America were they were
  sold as slaves.

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Home life in New England

• Colonial families in New England often had 6 or 7
  children.
• They lived in small wooded houses with few rooms.
  Many homes only had one room with a huge
  fireplace.
• The men and boys worked in the fields and the
  women and girls prepared the food and worked in
  the home.
• Children were taught how to read so they could
  read the Bible.
• Boys were able to go on to Harvard, the first
  college in the Colonies.

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Middle Colonies

• New York
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
• Delaware

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• The fertile soil in the Middle Colonies was good
  for farming.
• The Middle Colonies wide rivers such as the
  Delaware and Hudson were ideal for transporting
  crops to sell and for bringing supplies to the
  farms.
• The woods in the Middle Colonies were full of
  wildlife. Colonists hunted and trapped animals
  such as deer and beaver.

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New York

• The English settlements of the Middle Colonies
  began in 1664.
• The King of England gave the colony to his
  brother James, the Duke of York. He changed the
  name to New York and gave part of it to two of
  his friends.

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New Jersey

• John Berkeley and George Carteret named the land
  given to them by James, the Duke of York, New
  Jersey.

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Pennsylvania

• William Penn founded Pennsylvania as a place
  where people could worship freely.
• He was a Quaker (a person who believed that all
  Christians should be free to worship in their own
  way.
• Penn made fair treaties with the Lenni Lanape
  Indians which allowed them to live together
  peacefully for years.

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Delaware

• The Duke of York gave William Penn more land that
  was once part of Pennsylvania.
• Later it became the colony of Delaware.

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Life in the Middle Colonies

• The people of the Middle Colonies came from many
  lands (Dutch, Scots-Irish, Scandinavian, and
  English). Some were enslaved Africans.
• Many colonists were Quakers.
• The Middle Colonies had religious tolerance.
• The climate and soil was excellent for farming.
• Most children learned how to read and write, but
  most colonists thought that their children needed
  to learn useful work skills.

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Southern Colonies

• Virginia
• Maryland
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia

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Southern Colonies

• The Southern Colonies were very different from
  the New England and Middle Colonies.
• It was full of bays, rivers, and wetlands. It is
  known as the TIDEWATER area.
• The climate and soil is excellent for farming.
• Colonists used the waterways to ship crops to
  markets in other towns and cities.

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Virginia

• In 1607, Jamestown, Virginia became the FIRST
  English colony in North America.
• The first colonist came to Virginia to look for
  gold. When they did not find any, many started
  plantations on the fertile soil.

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Maryland

• The colony of Maryland began in 1632 when King
  Charles I of England gave land in North America
  to Cecilius Calvert who was known as Lord
  Baltimore.
• Calvert hoped to make Maryland a safe place for
  Catholics.

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Carolinas

• King Charles II of England started these
  colonies.
• North Carolina had few harbors and was not as
  good for farming. It grew more slowly than the
  southern part.
• South Carolina had good farmland and many
  excellent harbors. Rice plantations were built in
  the city of Charles Town that later became
  Charleston.

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Georgia

• In 1732, Englands King George II started another
  colony to keep the Spanish and French away from
  South Carolina. He gave this land to James
  Oglethorpe. The new colony was named Georgia to
  honor King George II.

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Life in the South

• The long growing season and warm, damp climate of
  the Southern Colonies made the region perfect for
  growing tobacco, rice, and indigo.

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Family Life in the South

• The children of wealthy plantation owners lived
  fairly easy lives. Most were educated at home.
  The boys spent their free time outdoors learning
  how to ride horses and hunt. The girls learned
  how to sew and sing.
• Life was different for children who lived in the
  back country farms. They learned how to read only
  if their parents taught them. They rarely went to
  school and spent most of their time helping
  around the farm at an early age.

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Lets play a game to locate the 13 colonies.

• http//www.softschools.com/social_studies/13_colo
  nies_map