PROGRESSIVISM

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PROGRESSIVISM

• PROGRESSIVES, SOCIALISTS AND SUFFRAGETTES

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• 1894Henry Ford introduces first American mass
  produced automobile
• 1894The Pullman Strike
• Where
• Causes
• Leadership
• Result
• 1894Wilson-Gorman Tariff
• 1895US v. EC Knight, Co.
• 1896Utah joined the Union 46
• 1896Plessy v. Ferguson
• ELECTION OF 1896
• Issues
• Candidates
• Campaign
• Result

Versus
Bryan
McKinley
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AMERICAN IMPERIALISM 1897-1909

• PRESIDENCY OF WILLIAM McKINLEY
• 1897-1899 KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH
• 1898 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
• STEPS TO WAR
• 1895 Cuban Libre Movement--RevoltJose Marti v.
  Gen Weyler
• 1896-97 YELLOW JOURNALISM
• The StateJoseph Gonzales
• NY JournalWilliam Randolph Hearst
• NY GlobeJoseph Pulitzer
• 1896-97 BUSINESS INTERESTS
• US Sugar Cane growers in Cuba
• 1897 DE LOME LETTER (Feb.).
• 1898 USS MAINE
• APRIL 1898 US ULTIMATUM TO SPAIN
• DECLARATION OF WAR (AND TELLER AMENDMENT)
• THE WAR

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RESULTS OF SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR

• TREATY OF PARIS DEC. 10, 1898
• HAWAII ANNEXED 1898 (officially by Treaty)
• FEB. 1899--INSURRECTION IN THE PHILIPPINESEMILIO
  AGUINALDO
• 1900 THE FORAKER ACT
• INSULAR CASES
• The Influence of Naval Power on History Alfred
  Thayer Mahan geo-strategist.
• 1899-1900 PROBLEMS IN CHINA OPEN DOOR POLICY
  Sec of State John Hay
• Major economic powers had carved up China into
  Spheres of Influence.
• All applied navigation laws to those places.
• US wanted free and open trade with the China
• 1901 THE BOXER REBELLION ENDS
• PROGRESSIVISM
• 4 Goals of Progressivism
• 1. promote social welfare
• 2. promote moral improvement
• 3. create economic reform
• 4. foster efficiency

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PROGRESSIVE OBJECTIVES

• PROGRESSIVES CAME IN TWO FORMS
• 1. ULTRA-PROGRESSIVESSOCIALISTS, COMMUNISTS
• SOCIALIST REFORMS
• 2. NORMAL, MAINSTREAM PROGRESSIVES
• CORPORATE REFORM
• MORE ANTI-TRUST LEGISLATION
• LABOR UNION MOVEMENT
• MINIMUM WAGE LAWS
• COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
• CHILD LABOR RESTRICTIONS
• WORKERS COMPENSATION
• ACCIDENT INSURANCE
• WORKER SAFETY
• AGRARIAN RADICALISM (POLITICAL REFORM)
• WOMENS SUFFRAGE
• INITIATIVE
• REFERENDUM
• RECALL ELECTIONS
• DIRECT PRIMARY

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PROGRESSIVES

• WHO WERE THEY?
• LINK TO RELIGION
• IDEAS AND PEOPLE THAT INFLUENCED PROGRESSIVES
• 1. MUCKRAKERS
• NEWSPAPER REPORTERS COMMITTED TO EXPOSING THE
  PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN LIFE.
• SHOCK JOURNALISM HELPED SELL NEWSPAPERS AND
  MAGAZINES
• McCLURES, LADIES HOME JOURNAL, HARPERS, THE
  ATLANTIC MONTHLY
• IDA TARBELL, LINCOLN STEFFENS, GEORGE TURNER
• 2. REALISM
• INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENTAPPLIED TO GOVERNMENT NOTED
  THAT CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY AND POLITICAL
  REALITY ARE TWO DIFFERENT THINGS.
• Founding Fathers v. Corrupt Machines and State
  Govts.Wisconsin Idea
• EXPRESSED IN ARTGEORGE BELLOWS
• HISTORYFREDERICK JACKSON TURNER FRONTIER
  THESIS
• WRITERSUPTON SINCLAIR THE JUNGLE, THEODORE
  DREISER AN AMERICAN TRAGEDY
• ARCHITECTUREFRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
• POLITICAL SCIENCETHORSTEIN VEBLEN THEORY OF
  THE LEISURE CLASS
• CIVIL RIGHTSIda Welles, Rosenwald Schools

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Progressives continued

• SOCIAL REFORMERS
• Other reformers were concerned with the plight of
  the poor.
• Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives exposed the
  terrible conditions found in the tenement slums
  of NY City. NY City passed building code laws
  and passed fire codes.
• Jane Addams open the Hull House in Chicago.
  These were settlement houses where social
  reformers worked to give direct aid to the poor.
  Offered food, housing, medical care and advice on
  education and job training.
• By 1910 there were 400 settlement houses in the
  US.
• Florence Kelley Child labor laws
• TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT AND WOMENS RIGHTS
• Temperance Movement (WCTU) wanted to ban the
  manufacture, sale and consumption of alcohol.
• Carrie Nation was one of the movements leaders.
  She would enter bars and taverns and destroy
  liquor bottles with a hatchet.
• They were instrumental in getting the 18th
  Amendment passed in 1919. Prohibition Amendment
• Womens Rights 1870s Susan B. Anthony and
  Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the North American
  Woman Suffrage Association.
• Their goal was gain the right to vote for women.
  The movement had its first success in the western
  states.
• 192019th Amendment gave women the right to vote
  in national elections.

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ELECTION OF 1900

• CANDIDATES
• ISSUES
• RESULTS
• EVENTS OF McKINLEYs 2nd TERM
• 1901PLATT AMENDMENT
• 1901---U.S. STEEL CORPORATION ESTABLISHED
• SEPT 6, 1901 McKINLEY ASSASSINATED,( died Sept.
  14)
• PRESIDENCY OF THEODORE (Teddy) ROOSEVELT
• 1902(JUNE) ANTHRACITE COAL STRIKE
• UMWJohn Mitchell- higher wages, 8 hr. day, union
  recognition
• Mine Owners (RR cos.) lock out
• Sept. 1902 public opinion pro-union
• Oct. 1902Pres. Roosevelt offered arbitration,
  threat of troops
• Compromise solution Elihu Root, JP
  Morgan--results

LEON CZOLGOSZ
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TR CONTINUED

• 1902 NEWLANDS ACT
• 1903 WRIGHT BROTHERS AIRPLANE
• 1903 ELKINS ACT
• 1903 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR CREATED
• 1904 NORTHERN SECURITIES CO. CASE
• 1901-1903 ACQUISITION OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE
• 1901 HAY-PAUNCEFORT TREATY
• 1902 PANAMA CANAL CO. PHILIPPE
• BUNAU-VARILLA SOLD BUILDING RIGHTS TO US
• 40 MILLION
• -- 1903 HAY-HERRAN TREATY (US/Colombia)
• Contents
• Nov. 1903Panamanian Revolt.
• Nov. 21, 1903 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
• Contents
• Results
• 1903--ALASKAN BOUNDARY SETTLEMENT
• 1904ROOSEVELT COROLLARY (GUNBOAT DIPLOMACY)

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ELECTION OF 1904

• CANDIDATES
• ISSUES
• OUTCOME
• MAJOR EVENTS OF T.R.s 2ND TERM
• 1905 TREATY OF PORTSMOUTH
• 1904 RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR
• AMERICAS INTEREST??
• TREATY CONTENTS
• REACTIONS TO TREATY
• RESULTS OF THE WAR
• 1905 1ST MOROCCAN CRISIS
• THE SITUATION
• US OFFER OF ARBITRATION
• RESULTS
• 1907 THE GENTLEMENS AGREEMENT

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• 1907-1909 voyage of GREAT WHITE FLEET
• PURPOSE
• RESULTS
• 1908 ROOT-TAKAHIRA AGREEMENT
• CONTENTS
• MAJOR LEGISLATION PASSED 2ND TERM
• 1906 PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT
• 1906 MEAT INSPECTION ACT
• 1906 HEPBURN ACT
• 1907 OKLAHOMA JOINS THE UNION
• MAJOR ECONOMIC PROBLEM
• 1907 PANIC
• CAUSES
• ADVICE
• RESULT
• ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
• 1907 NATIONAL CONSERVATION ASSOCIATION
• CONSERVATION, PRESERVATION, RESERVATION

Yosemite Natl. Park John Muir
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• DAILY LIFE IN LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES
• SPORTS
• CROQUET
• GOLF
• BASEBALL invented in 1845Alexander Cartwright
  Knickerbocker Club
• CINCINNATI REDLEGS 1869
• NATIONAL LEAGUE 1876, banned black players in
  1887
• 1903 1st World Series
• Negro Leagues 1888Cuban Giants
• FOOTBALL 1869 RUTGERS V. PRINCETON
• 1905 President Roosevelt tried to outlaw it
• 1910 NCAA
• BASKETBALL 1891 James Naismith
• 1892-VASSAR AND SMITH 1st colleges
• 1893-Vanderbilt and Kansas--1st mens teams
• BICYCLE CRAZE
• 1884 SAFETY BIKE (ENG)

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ELECTION OF 1908

• CANDIDATES
• ISSUES
• RESULTS
• PRESIDENCY OF WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT 1909-1913
• FOREIGN AFFAIRS
• TAFT HAD SERVED AS TRs SEC. OF WAR
• NEW FOREIGN POLICY PHILOSOPHY DIPLOMACY
• DOMESTIC AFFAIRS
• 1909 PAYNE- ALDRICH TARIFF
• 1909 16TH AMENDMENT RATIFIED
• 1910 MANN-ELKINS ACT
• 1910 BALLINGER-PINCHOT CONTROVERSY
• 1910 NAACP OFFICIALLY CREATED
• 1910 CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS

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ANTI-TRUST ACTIONS

• Taft filed 90 different anti-trust lawsuits
  compared to 44 for TR in 7.5 years.
• 1911Standard Oil
• 1911 American Tobacco Co.
• International Harvester
• US Steel
• 1912-1913 Pujo Committee investigations money
  trust
• 17th Amendment
• Lochner v. New York
• Muller v. Oregon
• 1912 New Mexico and Arizona join the union.
• Ottawattomie SpeechTR condemns Taft as
  President. Splits Repub. Party.
• 1913 Physical Evaluation Act
• Bureau of Mines created
• Commerce and Labor split
• Federal Childrens Bureau established
  (investigate conditions of child labor)
• PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1912

Electoral Map
Taft
Wilson
TR
Debs