Progressivism Review

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Progressivism Review
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Reform

• Change for the better

3
Gilded Age

• On the outside everything looked great, but
  underneath things were rotten

4
Tammany Hall

• Political Machine in New York City

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Rockefeller

• Dominated the oil industry
• Practiced horizontal integration

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Carnegie

• Pioneered vertical integration
• Extremely wealthy by age 40
• Donated 350 million by the time he died

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Social Darwinism

• Suggested that wealthy people had superior wisdom
  and were the fittest members of society

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Gustavus Swift

• Invented the refrigerated rail car

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Upton Sinclair

• Wrote The Jungle based on close observations of
  how meat packers lived

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Trusts

• Lower retail prices
• Availability of items that were once luxuries
• Development and use of new machinery

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Vertical Integration

• Controlling all aspects of an industry
• Used by Carnegie

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Progressives

• Ida Tarbell- anti- Rockefeller and Standard oil
  company
• Uptn Sinclair- author
• Ida B. Wells- anti-lynching
• Lester Ward- thought science should be used to
  improve the human condition

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Political Reforms

• Initiative
• Recall
• Referendum

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Politicians

• Could stay in power by doing favors for people

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Immigrants

• Settled in U.S. cities for JOBS

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Positives of Cities

• Jobs
• Electricity
• Indoor plumbing

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Education

• Laws were passed requiring children to attend
  school
• Illiteracy rates declined

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Immigrant Challenges

• U.S. cities with-
• Gambling
• Robbery
• Political Corruption

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Problems of Cities

• Waste disposal problems
• Slum Housing
• Crime

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Monopolies

• Attempted to control the market by eliminating
  competition

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Progressive Reformers

• Wanted to give voters more direct say in
  lawmaking

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Robber Barons

• Negative nickname given to men like Rockefeller
  and Carnegie

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Captains of Industry

• Positive nickname given to men like Rockefeller
  and Carnegie

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New Immigrants

• Wave that came over around 1900
• Mainly from Italy, Greece, Russia, and other
  areas of Southern and Eastern Europe

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New Immigrants

• More likely to be
• Illiterate
• Poor
• Catholic or non-Protestant

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Theodore Roosevelt

• Became famous as a Rough Rider on San Juan Hill
• Western Rancher
• Asthmatic
• Became President when McKinley was assassinated

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Roosevelts Accomplishments

• Meat Inspection Act of 1906
• Increased number of national parks
• Arbitrated the United Mine Workers Strike

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Woodrow Wilson

• Due to the Republican split, won the election of
  1912 in an electoral landslide

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Wilson

• Allowed press conferences
• Supported the Underwood Tariff reduction bill
• Program was known as New Freedom

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1912 Election

• Woodrow Wilson- Democrat
• William Howard Taft- Republican
• Teddy Roosevelt- Progressive

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W.E.B. Du Bois

• Felt blacks should receive equality immediately

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Federal Trade Commission

• Established to stop unfair business practices
  among companies
• Supported by Wilson

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Underwood Tariff

• Established to reduce the tariff
• High tariffs had been protecting American business

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Jane Addams

• Wealthy woman that moved to Chicago and built
  Hull House to help the poor

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Alcohol

• Viewed as a cause of violence against women

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17th Amendment

• Direct election of senators

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Carry Nation

• Strongly against alcohol
• Would scold and intimidate saloon patrons with a
  hatchet

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Walter Rauschenbusch

• Religious leader during the Progressive era
• Thought Christians should better their
  communities by helping others

39
Robert La Follette

• Wisconsin Governor responsible for a great deal
  of reform legislation

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Accommodation

• Idea that economic success for blacks was more
  important than racial equality

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Mary Ritter Beard

• Wrote about the contributions of women in history

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Muckrakers

• Writers whose articles attacked problems in the
  U.S.

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19th amendment

• Gave women the right to vote

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Suffrage

• The right to vote

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Seneca Falls

• Site of Womens Rights conference in 1848

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Leon Czolgosz

• Assassinated President McKinley

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Immigrant

• Person entering a country to live there

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Margaret Sanger

• Spoke to women about preventing pregnancy

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Eugene V. Debs

• Socialists candidate in 1912 presidential
  election

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Urbanization

• Growth of cities

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Tenement Buildings

• Crowded, run down apartments in slums

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Tariff

• Tax on imported goods

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Nativism

• Preference for native-born Americans over
  immigrants

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Teddy Roosevelt

• McKinleys vice-president, became the youngest
  president ever

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Temperance Movement

• Drive to restrict or prohibit use of alcohol

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William Howard Taft

• Republican president from 1909-1913

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UMW- United Mine Workers

• Called for a coal mine strike hoping for
  increased pay, less hours and union recognition