Progressivism

1
Progressivism

• Social Justice Movement
• By altering the environment they could
  reconstruct society and eliminate poverty.

2

• By the last two decades of the century many
  thoughful men had begun to march under various
  banners declaring that somewhere and somehow the
  promise of the American dream had been lost
  they often said betrayed and that drastic
  changes needed to be made to recapture it.
• America A Narrative History v2 p.922

3
Those of the outside

• African Americans and racism
• Booker T. Washington
• WEB Du Bois
• Women and the Domestic Sphere

4
to use the govt. as an agency of human welfare

• To reform monopolies, corruption and
  inefficiency in govt. and social injustice.
• Based on white middle class values
• Response to the complexity of the
  urban/industrial cities, political machines, and
  robber barons.

5
Muckrakers

• Publicists exposés
• TR and Pilgrims Progress
• Lincoln Steffens Shame of the Cities
• Ida Tarbell Standard Oil
• Upton Sinclair The Jungle
• Frank Norris The Octopus

6
Focus on Children

• horror stories a waste of human resourcesbroken
  before adults
• Florence Kelley
• Hull House and Jane Addams,
• Nat. Consumers League,
• Nat. Child Labor Committee,
• Juvenile Court System

7
Focus on Cities

• Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives
• Photographer
• green space
• Urban overcrowding National Housing Assoc.
  tenement laws

8
Focus on Education

• Learning by rote questioned
• Kindergarten
• Vocational/agricultural schools
• John Dewey
• Goal flexible, better educated, more open
  minded/understanding adults.

9
Temperance Movement

• Reasons
• Women's Christian Temperance Union Francis
  Willard
• Carrie Nation and her hatchet
• 1906-12 7 states pass laws
• 1919 18th Amendment then 23rd

10
Suffrage

• Stanton and Anthony

• Alice Paul

11
Focus on Politics

• Goal to increase democracy
• Wisconsin Idea Robert La Follette
• Primary
• Recall
• Referendum
• Initiative
• 16th Amendment (1913, income tax)
• 17th (1913, direct election/Senators)
• 19th (1920, womens suffrage)

12
TRs Square Deal

• second only to Niagara Falls
• Square Deal
• 3 Cs
• Control of corps.
• Consumer protection
• Conservation

13

• 1902 Coal strike
• Dept. of Commerce and labor
• laissez faire vs. good and bad trusts
  regulation the key
• Elkins and Hepburn Acts and RR
• JP Morgan and Northern Securities
• Trustbuster
• Meat Inspection Food and Drug Acts
• National Parks, Forests and Monuments

14
William Howard Taft

• 1908 election vs. Bryan and Debs
• Dollar Diplomacy
• Sherman Anti-Trust vs. Standard Oil
• TRs back

15
1912 Election

• 1910 TR had begun to campaign
• 1911 Progressive party under Robert La Follette
• 8 hour day, 6 day week
• No child labor under 16 years
• System of accident, old age, and unemployment
  insurance
• Womens suffrage

16
The Progressive cause is based on the eternal
principles of righteousness. In the end the
cause itself shall triumph.

• Republicans Taft
• Progressives TR Bull Moose
• Democrats Woodrow Wilson
• Socialists Eugene V. Debs make the working
  class the ruling class of the nation and world

17
Corporate Capitalism okay. Socialist/ radical
labor org. bad. Conservative unions good.
Promote Democracy.

• New Nationalism
• Corp. inevitable and necessary
• Increase Fed. Govt. power to regulate business
• Strong govt. to protect rts of people

• New Freedom
• Restore old forms of economic competition and
  equal opportunities
• Less Fed.power Free men need no guardians

18
Woodrow Wilson

• 41 of the vote but Progressivism wins
• preacher intellect
• zealous idealism
• triple wall of privilege tariffs, banks,
  trusts

19

• Tariff issue
• Joint session of Congress
• 1913 Underwood Tariff Bill
• Why so easy?
• Banks
• Other Peoples Money and How the Bankers use It
  Brandeis
• 1913 Federal Reserve Act sets up the bankers
  bank

20

• Trusts
• Federal Trade Commission takes on interstate
  commerce and unfair trade practices
• Clayton Anti-trust Act strengthened the weaker
  Sherman.
• Exempted Labor from anti-trust prosecution,
  legalized strikes and picketing. AF of Ls
  Gompers called it the Magna Carta of Labor