DIGESTIVE ORGAN NOTES

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DIGESTIVE ORGAN NOTES
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MOUTH

• Cheeks, hard and soft palates, lips, tongue
• Aid in mastication (chewing)
• Digestion of starch
• Mechanical and chemical digestion

3
PHARYNX

• Throat passage of food and air
• Made of
• Nasopharynx not part of digestive system
• Oropharynx behind mouth
• Laryngopharynx below oropharynx

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ESOPHAGUS

• Tube connective laryngopharynx with stomach
• No digestive function

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STOMACH

• Regions
• Cardiac region near heart
• Fundus expanded top portion
• Body main mid-portion
• Pylorus funnel-shaped terminal end

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• Pyloric sphincter valve between stomach and SI
• Protein digestion
• Gastric juice food chyme
• Mechanical chemical digestion

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SMALL INTESTINE (SI)

• Pyloric sphincter to ileocecal sphincter (valve
  between SI LI)
• Duodenum (shortest) chemical digestion of ALL
  nutrients
• Jejunum (mid portion)
• Ileum (longest end portion) absorption of
  nutrients

8

• Surface area increased by plicae circulares,
  villi and microvilli

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LARGE INTESTINE (LI)

• Shorter but wider than small intestine
• Cecum first portion
• Ascending colon
• Transverse colon
• Descending colon
• Sigmoid colon

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• Completion of absorption, esp. water
• Manufacture of certain vitamins (bacteria)
• Formation and expulsion of feces

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RECTUM

• Storage of feces before elimination through the
  anus