America in World War II

1
America in World War II Never before have we
had so little time in which to do so
much.-Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1942

• Chapter 38

2
The Allies Trade Space for Time

• Pearl Harbor (1941)
• Americas desire for vengeance against the
  Pacific
• Franklin D. Roosevelt decided to
• 1st destroy Japans allies
• PLAN gather allied forces after defeating Hitler
• Conflicts
• From isolation to war
• Could they arrive fast enough??

3
The Shock of War

• Executive Order No. 9066
• Detention Camps, also known as concentration
  camps, set up for enemy aliens (Japanese, German,
  Italian descendants)
• 2/3 American-born U.S. citizens
• Regret
• Finally in 1988, U.S. Government officially
  apologized paid 20,000 to camp survivors

4
Building the War Machine

• Great Depression ended due to great demands for
  jobs production
• Henry J. Kaiser, Sir Launchalot
• Shipbuilder who assembled 1 ship p/14days
• Many essential goods rationed such as food and
  gasoline
• Labor unions forbidden of striking
• Some still did (United Mine Workers, led by John
  L. Lewis)
• Congress passed Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act in
  June 1943
• Federal government could seize and take over
  industries that were either on the verge of or
  under strikes
• Luckily only less than 1 of working hours were
  accounted for under strikes

5
Manpower Womanpower

• Men AND women drafted
• 15 million men in armed forces as well as 216,000
  women, women in arms WAACS (Army), WAVES
  (Navy), SPARS (Coast Guard)
• 1942 agreement w/ Mexico, The Bracero Program-
• thousands of Mexican agricultural workers were to
  come work in America due to lack of personnel
• Women also took over men jobs but 2/3 of them
  became housewives again after the war
• Return of men created a baby boom

6
Wartime Migrations

• Californias pop grew by nearly 2 million
• Hypocrisy in America??
• President Roosevelt created the Fair Employment
  Practices Commission (FEPC) in attempt to
  decrease racism in workplace
• Meanwhile, Blacks in the military were still
  being discriminated against just like at home
• Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded in
  1942
• 1944-mechanical cotton picker invented, therefore
  Blacks no longer needed
• Majority decided to move North or West, all in
  search of a better life
• 1.6 million blacks left the South
• By 1970, ½ of Black race lived outside of the
  South

7
Holding the Home Front

• U.S.A.-only country to be better off after the
  war than before
• Both corporate profits and gross national product
  more than doubled
• Americas wartime bill came out to be 330
  billion ( than the costs of all previous
  American wars combined)
• National debt from 49 billion to 259 billion
  due to expansion of income tax
• War cost up to 10 b/p/hr at one point

8
The Rising Sun in the Pacific

• Japanese gained more land than what they lost
• Conquered
• Guam, Wake, Hong Kong, British Malaya, Burma, the
  Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, and even a
  part of China
• After conquering the Philippines, the fighters
  were obliged to make the infamous 85-mile Bataan
  death march
• U.S. General Douglas MacArthur escaped in time to
  flee to Australia but promised to return and free
  the islands from Japans chokehold

9
Japans High Tide at Midway

• American Australian forces finally caught up w/
  Japan in the Coral Sea (worlds 1st naval battle
  in which the ships never saw their opponent)
• During Japans attempt to seize Midway Island,
  U.S. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz stopped them and
  there began the 3 day battle, June 3-6 1942,
  which would now halt the Japanese from further
  expansion
• Island hopping-Allies landed on and conquered
  neighboring islands and starved them to death,
  therefore keeping Japan away.

10
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo

• August 1942 America won at Guadalcanal
• August 1943 gained Aleutian Islands of Attu
  Kiska by island hopping
• August 1944 gained New Guinea
• June 19, 1944 U.S. attacks Marianas w/ advanced
  aircraft (i.e. Hellcat fighter)
• June 20, 1944 U.S. won the Battle of the
  Philippine Sea
• U.S. performed hourly bombing raids over Japan
  especially in Tokyo

11
The Battle of the Philippine Sea
12
The Allied Halting of Hitler

• U.S. cracked enigma code made it easier to
  pinpoint German U-boats
• Discovery made at the end of the war
• Hitler close to releasing a new improved U-boat
  that could last x-amount of time underwater was
  able to cruise at 17 knots underwater as well
• Oct. 1942In El Alamein British General Bernard
  Montgomery defeated German leader Marshall Edwin
  Rommel, also known as the Desert Fox
• Russia recovered 2/3 of the land they had lost

13
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome

• Soviets desperate for a different approach in
  regards to their large loses (20 million Soviet
  forces dead by end of WWII)
• British planned to invade Italy through North
  Africa in hopes of attacking their soft
  underbelly plot came to be known as Operation
  Torch
• Not very successful, underbelly underestimated
• Led to creation of unconditional surrender
  founded by FDR Churchill at Casablanca
  Conference
• Mussolini, Italian dictator lynched w/ mistress
  Italy remained a part of Axis Powers
• August 1943 Sicily surrendered June 4, 1944
  Rome did, too Italy finally defeated on May 2,
  1945

14
Operation Torch
15
D-Day June 6, 1944

• Tehran Conference-the 3 Allied Forces met to
  discuss and created plans for the cross-channel
  invasion
• General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the appointee
• 1st on the list
• The invasion of Normandy
• Paris freed in August 1944 thanks to
• The French underground
• (The angels sent from heavenHalleluiah!!) JK

16
Leaders of Allied Forces
17
FDR The Fourth-Termite of 1944

• Republicans Thomas E. Dewey
• Liberal governor of New York
• VP John W. Bricker
• Opponent Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt
• VP Harry S. Truman

18
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey

• Dewey chose to take offensive route in
  campaigning
• FDR preoccupied w/ WWII
• Regardless, Roosevelt surpassed Dewey by 333
  votes 432-99
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt-4 terms in office WOW!!
• Not so much since it had previously occurred just
  3yrs. ago

19
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey Cont.
20
The Last Days of Hitler

• Battle of the Bulge-Dec. 16, 1944 in Ardennes
  forest lasted 10 days
• March 1945- Americans deeper deeper into
  Germany
• Joined Soviet troops and navigated toward Berlin
• Concentration Camps- withheld Jews, Dutch,
  Polish, disabled, and other minorities they were
  used as laborers experiments, they were also
  tortured and killed
• Allied forces werent previously aware, disgusted
  by their cruelty toward Jews undesirables

21
The Last Days of Hitler Cont.

• Farewell
• Unfortunately, FDR died from a cerebral
  hemorrhage on April 12, 1945
• As a result to his failure, Hitler committed
  suicide on April 30, 1945
• White Flag Finally Raised!!
• May 7, 1945 official German surrender
• May 8, 1995-officially proclaimed V-E Day
• (Victory in Europe Day)

22
Japan Dies Hard

• March 9-10, 1945- firebomb raids on Tokyo kills
  83,000ppl
• Promise Kept!!
• Oct. 20, 1944-General MacArthur returns to the
  Philippines
• Liberates Manila in March 1945
• Japan sea-handicapped after last great naval
  battle at Leyte Gulf
• 4,000 Americans lost during 25-day captivity of
  Iwo Jima in March 1945
• April-June 1945, Okinawa went down along with
  50,000 Americans
• Japans last resort was to turn to kamikazes,
  suicide pilots

23
The Atomic Bombs

• July 1945, Potsdam Conference- Allies had no
  alternative turned to surrender or be
  destroyed
• Many warnings were given to Japan by the Allied
  Forces If Japan didnt surrender, then theyd
  have to face complete utter destruction
• Japan ignored all warnings refused to hold back
• Consider yourself warned
• August 6, 1945- Americans dropped the 1st atomic
  bomb on Hiroshima, causing the deaths of 180,000
  people
• August 9, 1945- 2nd atomic bomb was dropped on
  Nagasaki, killing 80,000
• August 8, 1945-Soviets declared war against Japan
• August 10,1945-Japan agreed to surrender as long
  as Hirohito remained their emperor Allies
  accepted

24
The Atomic Bombs Cont.

• Hiroshima Bombing

25
The Atomic Bombs Cont.

• Nagasaki Bombing

26
War Officially Over!!

• September 2, 1945 was the formal end of the
  long-lasting war
• Hirohito surrendered to General MacArthur aboard
  the U.S.S. Missouri

27
The Allies Triumphant

• America suffered 1 million casualties
• Few due to diseases because of the new discovery
  of penicillin
• We mainly owe our gratitude of victory to U.S.
  generals, admirals, leaders, who got us through
  this war without any major set backs
• Who says the good guys dont always win??
• We are the STRONG, the FEARLESS, the CONQUERORS
  we are AMERICA, the land of the FREE the home
  of the BRAVE

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Extra InfoNov. 4, 1948 Harry S. Truman vs.
Thomas E. Dewey