America and Globalization (1990-Present)

1
America and Globalization(1990-Present)

• Unit 10B
• AP U.S. History

2
Fundamental Questions

• Evaluate to what extent the Vietnam conflict
  marked a turning point in American foreign policy
  between 1945 and the present.
• Evaluate how the end of the Cold War maintained
  continuity and fostered change in American
  foreign policy.
• Evaluate to what extent late 20th century and
  21th century globalization impacted American
  cultural and social identity.

3
Election of 1988

• George H.W. Bush (R)
• Michael Dukakis (D)
• Campaign
• Read my lips. No new taxes.
• Dukakis in the Tank
• Willie Horton ad

4
George H.W. Bush (R) (1989-1993)

• American with Disabilities Act (1990)
• Recession (1990-1991)
• Savings and Loan Crisis
• 27th Amendment (1992)
• Foreign Developments
• Persian Gulf War (1991)

5
George H.W. Bush (R) (1989-1993)End of Cold War

• Iron Curtain Falls
• Germany
• Berlin Wall falls (1989) and Reunification (1990)
• Eastern Europe
• Poland and Solidarity
• Soviet Union
• Dissolution (1991)
• START I (1991) and START II (1993)
• China and Tiananmen Square (1989)

6
H.W. Bush End of Cold War (1989-1993)Panama
and Persian Gulf War and Somalia

• Operation Just Cause (1989-1990)
• Invasion of Panama
• Operation Desert Storm (1991)
• Iraq invaded Kuwait
• Coalition victory over Iraq
• Operation Restore Hope (1992-1993)
• Somalia
• Continued through Clinton administration

7
HistoriographyThe Cold War and Beyond
Stability, Hegemony, Chaos?

• Odd Arne Westad The New International History
  of the Cold War Three (Possible) Paradigms
  (2000)

• John Lewis Gaddis - We Now Know Rethinking Cold
  War History (1997)

• At the same time, though, it is difficult to see
  how a strategy of containment could have
  developed with the Marshall Plan as its
  centerpiece had there been nothing to contain.
  One need only recall the early 1920s, when
  similar conditions of European demoralization,
  Anglo-French exhaustion, and American economic
  predominance had existed yet no American empire
  arose as after World War II. The critical
  difference, of course, was national security
  Pearl Harbor created an atmosphere of
  vulnerability Americans had not known since the
  earliest days of the republic, and the Soviet
  Union by 1947 had become the most plausible
  source of threat. The American empire arose
  primarily, therefore, not from internal causes,
  as had the Soviet empire, but from a perceived
  external danger powerful enough to overcome
  American isolationism.

• Had it not been for the existence of these new
  decolonization states, it is likely that the
  Cold War conflict, in its 1940s and 1950s form,
  would have petered out sometime in the 1960s,
  with the stabilization of European borders and
  the Soviet post-Stalin normalization. What
  prolonged the conflict was its extension into
  areas in which the Cold War ideological duality
  had no relevance for the majority of the people,
  but where U.S. and Soviet leaders convinced
  themselves that the postcolonial states were
  theirs to win or lose. Local Third World elites
  were therefore able to attain Great Power allies
  in their wars against their peoples, and the
  organizations opposing them could often forge
  their own foreign links, in some cases based on
  the most incongruous of ideological alliances,
  such as U.S. support for radical Islamist parties
  in Afghanistan.

8
Election of 1992

• Bill Clinton (D)
• George H.W. Bush (R)
• H. Ross Perot (Reform Party)

9
Bill Clinton (D) (1993-2001)

• North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
  (1994)
• Republican Revolution (1994)
• Contract with America
• Newt Gingrich
• Welfare Reform Act (1996)
• Lewinski Scandal and Impeachment
• Social and Cultural Developments
• Internet
• Foreign Developments
• Bosnia

10
Election of 1996

• Bill Clinton (D)
• Bob Dole (R)
• H. Ross Perot (Reform Party)

11
Bill Clinton (D) (1993-2001)Foreign Policy

• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
  (1993)
• Bosnia (1995-1999)
• Globalization
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• World Bank
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• Group of 8 (G-8)

Foreign Policy Shifter, 1994 Seattle
Post-Intelligencer
12
Election of 2000

• Al Gore (D)
• George W. Bush (R)
• Ralph Nader (Green Party)
• Bush v. Gore (2000)

13
George W. Bush (R) (2001-2009)

• Conservative Agenda
• Bush Tax Cuts (2001, 2003)
• NCLB (2001)
• 9/11
• USA PATRIOT Act
• Hurricane Katrina (2005)
• Great Recession (2007-2009)
• Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP)
• Foreign Developments
• 9/11
• War on Terror
• Afghanistan
• Iraq

14
George W. Bush (R) (2001-2009) War on Terror

• 9/11
• Bush Doctrine
• Afghanistan
• Iraq
• Homeland Security
• USA PATRIOT Act

15
President George W. Bush Is Abusing the War
PowersThe President Needs Broad Wartime Powers
to Protect the Nation

• Elizabeth Holtzman The Impeachment of George
  W. Bush (2006)

• John Yoo Wartime, Constitution, Empower
  Presidents (2006)

• Ours is a government of limited power. We learn
  in elementary school the concept of checks and
  balances. Those checks do not vanish in wartime
  the Presidents role as Commander in Chief does
  not swallow up Congresss powers or the Bill of
  Rightsit is impossible to find in the
  Constitution unilateral presidential authority to
  act against US citizens in a way that violates US
  laws, even in wartime. As Justice Sandra Day
  OConnor recently wrote, A state of war is not a
  blank check for the President when it comes to
  the rights of the nations citizens. Indeed,
  the claim to protect Americans the President
  needs to be able to avoid court review of his
  wiretap applications rings hollow. It is unclear
  why or in what way the existing law, requiring
  court approval, is not satisfactory. And, if the
  law is too cumbersome or inapplicable to modern
  technology, then it is unclear why the President
  did not seek to revise it instead of disregarding
  it and thus jeopardizing many otherwise
  legitimate anti-terrorism prosecutions. His
  defenders claim that changing the law would have
  given away secrets is unacceptable. There are
  procedures for considering classified information
  in Congress.

• Similarly, the least dangerous way to prevent
  rogue nations from acquiring WMDs may depend on
  secret intelligence gathering and covert action,
  rather than open military intervention. Delay for
  a congressional debate could render useless any
  time-critical intelligence or windows of
  opportunity. If Congress wants to prevent
  military adventurism, it can simply do nothing
  presidents can wage no war without the troops and
  weapons funded by Congress. The Constitution
  creates a presidency that can respond forcefully
  and independently to pre-empt serious threats to
  our national security. Instead of demanding a
  legalistic process to begin war, the framers left
  war to politics. Presidents can take the
  initiative and Congress would use their funding
  power to check him. As we confront terrorism,
  rogue nations, and WMD proliferation, now is not
  the time to engage in a radical change in the way
  our government has waged war for decades.

16
Election of 2004

• George W. Bush (R)
• John Kerry (D)
• Howard Dean - Democratic Caucus in Iowa

17
Roberts Court (2005-Present)

• Citizens United v. FEC (2010)
• McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
• National Federation of Independent Businesses v.
  Sebelius (2012)
• United States v. Windsor (2013)

18
Election of 2008

• Democrat
• Barack Obama
• Primary vs. Hillary Clinton
• Republican
• John McCain
• Sarah Palin
• Great Recession

19
Barack Obama (D) (2009-2017)

• Great Recession (2007-2009)
• American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009)
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)
• Obamacare
• Tea Party and 2010 Mid-Term Elections
• Social and Cultural Developments
• Gay Rights
• Repeal of Dont Ask, Dont Tell
• Same-sex marriage and DOMA
• Foreign Developments
• Arab Spring
• ISIL

20
Great Recession and Recovery
21
Contemporary Labor Developments

• Taft-Hartley Act (1947)
• AFL-CIO (1955)
• United Farm Workers (UFW)
• United Farm Workers
• Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
• Labor Unions Weaken
• PATCO Strike (1981)
• NAFTA (1994)
• Right-to-Work States
• Outsourcing

22
Election of 2012

• Barack Obama (D)
• Mitt Romney (R)

23
Obama and Todays World (2009-Present)

• Death of Osama bin Laden
• Iraq
• Ended occupation
• Afghanistan
• Taliban resurgence
• Arab Spring
• Egypt
• Libya
• Syria
• Ukraine
• Crimea

Ones Bullseye Cannot Rescure Obamas
Record Financial Times, May 2012
24
Civil RightsHispanics

• Hernandez v. Texas (1954)
• Chicano Movement
• El Movimiento
• La Raza Unida
• Cesar Chavez
• Viva la Causa
• Si Se Puede
• Bilingual Education
• Coral Way Elementary (1963)
• Bilingual Education Act (1968)
• Political Gains
• Sonia Sotomayor - first Hispanic Supreme Court
  justice (2009)

25
Civil RightsNatives

• American Indian Movement (AIM) (1968)
• Civil rights organization for native property
  rights and cultural preservation and restoration
• Indian Self-Determination Act (1975)
• Sports team references
• Washington Redskins

26
Civil RightsLGBT

• Gay Liberation Movement
• Stonewall Riots (1969)
• AIDS
• Setbacks
• Anita Bryant and Save Our Children (1977)
• Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)
• Dont Ask, Dont Tell (1993)
• Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) (1996)
• Achievements
• Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
• Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

27
Contemporary Immigration

• Pushes
• Escape communism, violence
• Pulls
• Seek American Dream
• Immigration Policies
• Immigration Act of 1965
• Eliminated 1920s quota laws
• Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
• Penalties for illegal immigration employment
• Illegal immigrants before 1982 granted residency

28
Contemporary Society and CultureMulticulturalism

• Melting Pot
• Americanization and assimilation of diverse
  cultures
• Salad Bowl
• Cultural mosaic
• Promotion of cultural diversity
• Contemporary nativism
• American exceptionalism
• English Language Amendment

29
Contemporary Society and CultureEnvironmental
Movement

• Silent Spring by Rachel Carson (1962)
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1970)
• Earth Day - April 22
• Fossil Fuels
• Oil
• Natural gas/fracking
• Coal
• Alternative Fuel Sources
• Nuclear
• Three Mile Island (1979), Chernobyl (1986), and
  Fukushima (2011)
• Solar energy
• Electric hybrids
• Global Warming/Climate Change
• Human impact on CO2 levels

30
Contemporary Society and CultureHealth

• Medical Breakthroughs
• Polio Vaccine and Jonas Salk (1955)
• CAT Scan (1971)
• MRI (1971)
• Stem cell therapy (1998)
• Epidemics
• HIV/AIDS
• Cancer
• Obesity

31
Contemporary Society and CultureAmerican Family
and Lifestyle

• Graying of America
• 1/8th of Americans are 65 or older (2000)
• Life expectancy is 78 years old (2012)
• Baby boomers retiring and impact on Social
  Security
• American Family
• Nearly 50 divorce rates
• Single parenthood
• Different forms of family
• Education
• 1 in 4 of 25-34 year olds a 4-year college
  graduate
• Internet

32
Contemporary Society and CultureTechnology and
the Future

• Automation
• Internet
• World Wide Web
• Genetics
• DNA structure (1953)
• Human Genome Project

33
Election of 2016

• Republicans
• Donald Trump
• Democrats
• Hillary Clinton