All Roads lead to Rome

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All Roads Lead to Rome
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50,000 miles from Britannia to Tigris-Euphrates
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The Geography of Rome
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Italy in 750 BCE
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Strengths of Rome

• Protected from Sea invasions (Geography)
• Located in the on a place on the Tiber River that
  was a crossing for all therefore it was located
  in the middle of trade routes.
• The Republic allowed for both flexibility and
  stability
• It allowed for input from all of the classes and
  it changed with election instead of overthrowing
  the government (Laws later become government)
• Every adult male citizen was obligated to serve
  in the army. Discipline was strict.
• High morals acquired from the legions permeated
  throughout the Republic (Legions)
• After conquering a people the Romans shared
  citizenship and thus political power with those
  conquered. (Just application of the Laws and
  Language)
• The ideals of the legion were passed on through
  the family and the father known as the
  paterfamilias and their control of the
  agricultural economy on their small farms.
• These farmers were also known as citizen-farmers.

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Influence of the Etruscans
Writing Religion
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The Mythical Founding of RomeRomulus Remus
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The Roman Republic 509 BCE - 27 BCE
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Republic Established 509 BCE

• Rape of Lucretia
• Etruscan Tarqin monarchs overthrown
• Assembly of Tribes (35)
• 31 Rural Tribes
• 4 Urban Tribes

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Republican Government
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly (Representative body for
plebeians)
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Compared to US
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Struggle of the Orders

• Patricians
• Plebeians
• Attempts to balance their power allows for the
  creation of the
• patrician class attempting to hold onto power
• plebeians trying to achieve social and political
  equality
• patricians found could not to exist without the
  plebeians
• plebeians produce the food and supply the labor
  that kept the Roman economy going
• supplied the soldiers for the Roman military.
• If the plebeians could act as a group, they could
  effectively shut down the Roman economy and
  military
• the latter was especially important since Rome
  was in continual military conflict during the age
  of the Republic.

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The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the
plebeians.
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The Roman Forum
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Romes Early Road System
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The Apian Way
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Roman Aqueducts
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Circus Maximus
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Carthaginian Empire
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Hannibals Route
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Reform Leaders
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus - the poor should be
given grain and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
Gaius Marius - recruited an army from the poor
and homeless. - professional standing army.
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Civil War Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey
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Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BCE
The Die is Cast!
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The First Triumvirate

• Julius Caesar
• Becomes First Counsul
• Never emperor
• Seizes power
• Defeats Crassus and Pomey
• Marcus Licinius Crassus
• Gaius Magnus Pompey

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Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE
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The Second Triumvirate

• Octavian Augustus
• First Emperor of Rome
• Establishes the Roman Imperial period
• Marc Antony
• Battle of Actium
• Marcus Lepidus

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The Roman Empire 27 BCE - 476 CE
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Octavian AugustusRomes First Emperor
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The First Roman Dynasty
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Pax Romana 27 BC 180 AD
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The Roman Coliseum
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The Coliseum Interior
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The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire 14 AD
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The Rise of Christianity
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St. Paul Apostle to the Gentiles
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The Spread of Christianity
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Imperial Roman Road System
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The Empire in Crisis 3c
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Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two 294 AD
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Constantine 312 - 337
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Constantinople The 2nd RomeFounded in 330
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Barbarian Invasions 4c-5c
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Attila the HunThe Scourge of God
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Byzantium Eastern Roman Fall of Rome in the
West - 1453
Hagia Sophia ca. 532-537
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The Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of Justinian
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Byzantine Emperor Justinian
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The Legacy of Rome

• Republic Government
• Roman Law
• Latin Language
• Roman Legions
• Roman Catholic Church
• City Planning
• Romanesque Architectural Style
• Roman Engineering
• Aqueducts
• Keystone block in the arch
• sewage systems
• Dams
• cement

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Trades routes correlate with growth of cities