The Founding of Rome

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The Founding of Rome

• Chapter 11.1

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Tennessee Social Studies

• 6.61 Explain how the geographical location of
  ancient Rome contributed to the shaping of Roman
  society and the expansion of its political power
  in the Mediterranean region and beyond. (E, G, P)
  
• 6.62 Explain the rise of the Roman Republic and
  the role of mythical and historical figures in
  Roman history, including Romulus and Remus,
  Hannibal and the Carthaginian Wars, Cicero,
  Julius Caesar, Augustus, Hadrian, Aeneas, and
  Cincinnatus. (C, G, H, P)
• 6.71 Explain the spread and influence of the
  Roman alphabet and the Latin language, the use of
  Latin as the language of education for more than
  1,000 years, and the role of Latin and Greek in
  scientific and academic vocabulary. (C, H, G)
• 6.72 Compare and contrast the Roman gods and
  goddesses to the Greek gods and goddesses,
  including Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Neptune,
  Saturn, Pluto, and Hera and their inclusion in
  modern society.

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The Beginning of Rome

• Part One What effect did geography have on the
  rise of Roman civilization?
• Roman rule extended throughout much of
  present-day Europe, Africa, and Asia

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The Settling of Italy

• Reasons people settled in Italy
• In Mediterranean Sea
• Easy to travel to Africa, Asia, and Europe

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Reasons People Settled in Italy

• 3. Mountain passages linked settlements
• together

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Reasons People Settled in Italy

• 4. Climate -Sunny, mild,
• 5. Fertile Farmland-mountain slopes level off to
  large flat plains

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Romes Location

• Rome is on Italian Peninsula
• Looks like a boot
• Heel points to Greece
• Toe points to the island of Sicily

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Romes Location

• Alps
• Located in Northern Italy
• Separate Italy from northern Europe

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Romes Location

• Apennines
• Mountains that extend north to south

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Romes location

• Volcanoes
• Dot southern Italys landscape

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Romes location

• Rome
• 15 miles up the Tiber River
• City on 7 hills
• Romes location made it easy to defend against
  enemy attacks

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Roman Origins

• 1. The Aeneid written by Virgil
• Describes what happened after Trojan War
• A Trojan named Aeneas escaped from Troy carrying
  his father
• Trojans settled in Italy and waged war
• Aeneas married a local kings daughter
• United Trojans with Latin-speaking people
• Aeneas is know as the father of Romans

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Roman Origins

• 2. Legend of Romulus and Remus
• Twins
• Left beside the Tiber River after they were born
• Cared for by a female wolf
• Raised by a shepherd and his wife
• When they grew up, they planned to build a city
  along the Tiber River
• Argued about the city
• Remus made fun of the walls Romulus built
• Romulus kills Remus
• Romulus becomes king and names the city of Rome
  after himself.

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Roman Origins

• 3. Archaeological artifacts
• Neolithic people may have settled in Itay in 5000
  B.C.
• Created farming villages
• Latins settled in central Italy between 2000 B.C.
  and 1000 B.C.
• One group build straw-roofed huts on Romes hills
  between 800 B.C. and 700 B.C. which marks the
  birth of Rome and people became known as the
  Romans

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Influences of Greeks and Etruscans

• Two groups moved into the region where the Romans
  lived.
• 1. Greeks
• Settled in farming villages in southern Italy
• Introduced grape and olive farming
• Passed Greek alphabet to Romans
• Romans model their buildings, sculptures, and
  literature after Greeks

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Influences of Greek and Etruscans

• 2. Etruscans
• Etruscans settled north of Rome
• Took control of Rome
• Ruled by nobles that grew wealthy from trade and
  mining
• Other Etruscans became artisans
• Worked with copper, iron, lead, and tin
• Made weapons, tools, and jewelry

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Influences of Greek and Etruscans

• Etruscans influences
• Taught Romans to build with brick
• Drained the water from marshes
• Laid out city street
• Built temples
• Clothing-wearing short cloaks and togas
• Etruscan army served as a model for the Roman army

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Becoming a Republic

• Part two How did Rome become a great power?
• Romans overthrew Etruscan
• Started Roman Republic
• A republic is a form of government in which
  citizens elect their leaders

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Becoming a Republic

• Rome fought many wars
• In 267 B.C. Rome controlled most of Italy

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Becoming a Republic

• Roman army
• Every male citizen who owned land had to serve in
  army
• Soldiers were well trained
• Deserters were killed
• Strict discipline ensure soldiers loyalty to Rome

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Becoming a Republic

• Roman Army
• Fought like Greeks
• Reorganized their soldiers into smaller groups
  called legions
• Each legion had 6,000 men
• Further divided into groups of 60 to 120 soldiers

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Becoming a Republic

• Roman Soldier
• Well armed
• Carried a short, double-edged iron sword called a
  gladius and iron spear called pilum
• Carried a standard into battle
• Standard is a pole topped with a symbol
• Showed the soldiers where they were to be
• on the battlefield

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Who Ruled Rome?

• Romans ruled effectively
• Built military outpost
• Built on strategic locations
• Built roads between settlements
• Treated conquered people fairly
• Created Roman Confederation
• Gave some peoples full citizenship
• They could vote and serve in the government
• Treated the same as other citizens under the law

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Who Ruled Rome?

• Other conquered peoples
• Became allies or friends of Rome
• Paid Roman taxes
• Required to supply soldiers
• Free to manage their local affairs
• THE REPUBLIC GREW STRONGER AND MORE UNIFIED!