The Byzantine Empire Heirs of Rome

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The Byzantine EmpireHeirs of Rome
THE MIDDLE AGES

• Submitted to Gloucester Township Public School by
• Mr. C. Stephen Ingraham

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• Social Studies Bk ____ Full Name
  ___________________________
• Mrs. Ross Mr. Ingraham Date _________________
• Middle Ages Table of Contents
• Middle Ages Vocabulary
• Middle Ages Song
• Justinian Looks to the Past The Christian
  Church Divides
• Herders and Townspeople Mohammad and Islam
• The Muslim Empire Grows Divisions in The
  Muslim Empire
• Divisions of the MIDDLE AGES
• Charlemagne builds an Empire Life in the
  Middle Ages
• The Church and the Crusades Disaster and
  Change
• The Rise of the Nation-States
• The Magna Carta

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black plague (AKA bubonic plague black
Death)a sickness causes by bites from fleas on
rats. contract a written agreement (between the
king vassal). crusades - Eight attempts by
Christian volunteers to free the holy land from
the Seljuk Turks who were Muslim. cultural
diffusion - The spreading of new ideas to other
places. Dark Ages - The end of classical
civilizations An era of repression and
unenlightenment from 500- 1000 CE. dubbing
ceremony - When a squire has completed his
training and is proclaimed a mounted
man-at-arms, a knight feudalism The system of
trading protection for loyalty. Holy Land - The
area around Jerusalem considered important to
Christians. Islam - The religion of Muslim, based
on belief in one God, or Allah. knight - A
medieval gentleman-soldier raised by a sovereign
to privileged military status. lord - A man of
high rank in feudal society, who owns a
manor. manor a large block of land made up of
forests, meadows, a church, a village, and the
castle of the noble who owned it all. medieval
The time of Middle Ages in Europe from 500 CE.
- 1,500 CE. Magna Carta - The document that
English nobles forced King John to sign in 1215,
limiting the kings power and protecting
the rights of people. Muslim - A follower of
Muhammad and Islam. page - A boy who acted as a
knights attendant or ceremonially employed as an
attendant at court pope the leader of the
Christian church based in Rome. serfs peasant
farmers who worked the nobles land. They were
tied to the land of a Noble. squire - A young
mans second step in training to become a
medieval knight. tenant someone who pays rent
to the landowner. vassal a noble who agrees to
perform service for the king in time of war in
exchange for use of the land. nation-state a
government with a strong central government,
laws, single ruler, language, customs,
standing army.
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Vocabulary of the Middle Ages
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The Middle Ages Song Part 1 by C. Stephen
Ingraham
Rome is gone, in the East its Byzantinum In the
West it has fallen apart Fighting over icons the
church divides into two parts. In Constantinople
Justinian, the emperor, tries to recreate Roman
glory His wife, Theodora, champions women and the
poor. Muhammad worships the one god
Allah Founding Islam submitting to gods
will Smashing statues in Mecca. The Muslims
worship there still. With more than one
successor Whose caliph? no one quite sure. It
doesnt matter to the Sunni the Shiites follow
the fourth caliph. Charlemagne and the Franks in
France try to recreate the empires western
part, but it becomes small kingdoms as Europe
breaks apart. The serfs live on a manor Tenant
farmers of a noble, who was the vassal of a king,
thats the feudal system thing.
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Sung to the Theme of Gilligans Island
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The Middle Ages Song Part 2 by C. Stephen Ingraham
The crusaders are off to the Holy Lands. Fleas on
rats bring the bubonic plague. Small kingdoms
form Nation-States, The Magna Carta limits the
kings power, More individual freedoms, No one
above the law, Thats the Middle Ages.
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Sung to the Theme of Gilligans Island
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The Essential Questions Middle Ages

• What was life like during the Middle Ages?
• What changes in life during this period result in
  the rise of the middle class?
• How did Christianity spread during this period?
• How do established religions react when
  threatened?
• Why do religions splinter and what effect does
  that have on society?
• How do political, economic, social, and cultural
  institutions and events shape peoples way of
  thinking and lead to an evolving society?
• What were the effects of the Crusades on life in
  Europe?
• How does the social structure of the Middle Ages
  compare to urban and rural life in the present?
• How do primary and secondary sources inform us
  about the development and practices of society
  and government?

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• A. Justinian I Looks to the Past
• 1.Constantines Roman capital of ____________ is
  located in the
• Byzantine Empire which lasted almost 1000
  years after the fall of Rome
• 2.By 565 Emperor Justinian I reconquered much of
  the old Roman Empire.
• 3. Improvements to the Empire
• a) Justinian made a new set of laws called
  ___________________ which
• simplified and updated the
  Roman Twelve Tables
• b) He had silkworm eggs and mulberry trees
  smuggled out of China to end
• their complete control, or
  ________________ , of the silk trade.
• c) He started a building program of new
  churches, roads, bridges, aqueducts
• d) He had artists make magnificent paintings
  and _____________, or pictures
• of bits of colored stone or
  glass.
• I. C. The Christian Church Divides
• 1. Religion caused much disagreement and many
  bitter arguments.
• a) In the eastern part of the Byzantine Empire
  people felt that _______, or
• pictures of Jesus the saints, were
  like worshipping idols.
• b) In the West most the people could not read
  or write. So icons were thought
• of a good way to teach Christianity.

The Byzantine Empire
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The Muslim Empire

• II. A. Herders and Townspeople
• 1. The Arabian peninsula is two-thirds desert
  and the rest semi-dry,
• grassy plains called ___________________.
• 2. Nomad Arab herders live in tribes raising
  camels, sheep, goats and are led by
• a ________________.
• 3. Towns formed on fertile spots with an
  underground water supply.
• 4. Mecca was the largest town to become a city.
• a) There was no agriculture in the city, but it
  was an important stop on caravans
• b) It had a religious cube-shaped building
  called the _______________, which
• contained statues of the Arab gods.
• II. B. Muhammad and Islam
• 1. In about 570 A.D. ________________________
  was born in a poor, but important family in
  Mecca.
• 2. In a vision the angel _________________ told
  him that he was a messenger to
• humankind. This message was there is no god
  but God, or ______________.
• 3. All the messages Muhammad received are in a
  holy book called the ________.
• 4. A _______________ is a follower of Muhammad
  and believes the Quran is
• gods word. This religion becomes
  _______________ which means
• submitting to Gods Will.
• 5. In 622 A.D. Muhammad leaves Mecca, but
  returns with other Arab tribes nine

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The Muslim Empire

• II. C. The Muslim Empire Grows
• 1. After Muhammad death Muslim leaders chose a
  _____________, or
• successor to Muhammad.
• 2. The first caliphs lead armies into
  Mesopotamia, Syria, and Egypt and were
• welcomed because of the heavy taxes and
  religious persecution of the
• Persian and Byzantine rulers.
• 3. By 750 A.D. the Muslim Empire reached from
  _______________ and North
• Africa through Arabia and
  ________________ into parts of China and the
• ____________________ River Valley.
• II. E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire
• 1. The ________________ family moved the Muslim
  capital from Medina to
• Damascus, Syria.
• 2. The __________ family moved the capital in
  750 CE. To Baghdad.
• 3. Descendants of Muhammads daughter set up
  another capital in
• _________________, ____________.
• 4. The Muslim community split into several
  groups
• a) The _______________ accepted the changing
  dynasties.
• b) The _______________ not wanting either the
  Umayyad or Abbasid
• families as rulers, remained loyal to Ali
  the four caliphs descendants.

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THE MIDDLE AGES
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The High Middle Ages 900-1250 CE
The Early Middle Ages 400-900 CE
The Late Middle Ages 1250-1500 CE
ROMAN EMPIRE
RENAISSANCE
Use with A History of the Middle Ages DVD
Discovery Worksheet.
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Europe in the Middle Ages
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• III. A. Charlemagne Builds an Empire
• 1. ___________ _____ is the years from
  500-1500 CE.
• 2. During the last days of the Roman Empire
  the___________ _________ came
• to control much of Western Europe.
• 3. The most powerful tribe was the
  _______________ and their leader was
• ____________________________.
• a) He conquered parts of Italy, Germany,
  central Europe, Northern Spain.
• b) He had close ties with the ___________, the
  leader of the Christian church.
• c) He set up a school to teach the Nobles
  children how to rule responsibly.
• 4. After his death in 814 CE. Vikings attacked
  from the North, Slavs Magyars
• from the East, and Muslims from the
  South.
• III. B. Life in the Middle Ages
• 1. Most Europeans lived in small villages which
  were part of a _______________,
• or a large block of land (made up of
  forests, meadows, farmland, the village, a
  church, and the house or castle of the noble).
• 2. Peasants, or ____________ , farmed the land
  and lived in the village.
• 3. They were ____________, or people who pays
  rent to the noble in the form of
• services and goods.
• 4. The Noble himself was a tenant of the King
  called a _____________, who had
• agreed to perform services for the
  king in return for being given use of the land.

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Europe in the Middle Ages
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• C. The Church and the Crusades
• 1. The idea that all of Europes separate
  kingdoms were united in a Christian
• Community is known as _______________________
  ____.
• 2. In 1095 Pope Urban II called on all
  Christians to help seize control of the holy
• city of Jerusalem back from the
  Seljuk Turks.
• 3. Whole families volunteered to become
  ______________ marched across
• Europe, but many died of hunger
  before reaching the holy land.
• 4. In eight attempts thousands of Christians and
  Muslims died, but the
• Christians never gained control of
  Jerusalem.
• D. Disaster and Change
• 1. European cities became _________________ and
  _____________ places.
• 2. Streets were full of people, animal, and
  garbage..
• 3. In the 1340s a deadly sickness called the
  Black death or the
• _______________ ______________
  hit Europe, caused by the bites of
• fleas on rats.
• 4. One fourth of the people died.
• 5. The Europeans who survived blamed their kings
  and the popes for not
• being able to stop the plague.

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Europe in the Middle Ages
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• E. The Rise of Nation-States
• 1. Kings begin to take authority away from the
• nobles and church leaders.
• 2. __________-________, or strong central
• government with a single king, began to form
  in
• many parts of Europe.
• 3.Each of these governments had
• a) their own laws
• b) leaders
• c) full-time army
• d) language
• e) culture and customs

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The Magna Carta
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• In 1215 the Nobles presented King John of
  England with a list of 63 demands. In forcing the
  monarch to sign this contract he now had to
  accept responsibility for his actions and he had
  to obey the laws like everyone else. The king was
  also required to have the general consent of the
  realm before ordering new taxes. The nobles
  while trying to protect themselves also protected
  the freedoms of everyone in England. For example
  the Magna Carta gave the people the right to a
  trial by jury. This right is guaranteed to
  Americans today in the United States
  Constitution.

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• ADDITIONAL
• MATERIAL

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Islam Beliefs
Christianity Beliefs
pp. 285-6 Divisions
Divisions pp. 278-9
Shiite
Sunni
Orthodox
Catholic
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Remember a Topic Sentence states the main idea of
a paragraph and a concluding sentence restates
or rephrases the topic idea. 1). Write the topic
sentence concluding sentence of a paragraph
summarizing the legend of Santa Clause. 2)
Write the topic sentence concluding sentence of
a persuasive paragraph explaining the reasons
the elves want Santa to reform conditions at the
North Pole workshops. 3). Write the topic
sentence concluding sentence of an
argumentative paragraph explaining the reasons
the reindeer want Santa to give them a winter
vacation. 4) Write the topic sentence
concluding sentence of a paragraph
summarizing your favorite movie. 5) Write the
topic sentence concluding sentence of a
persuasive paragraph explaining the reasons
that homework is not necessary.
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Performance Assessment The Middle Ages
Medieval Newspaper Students will research and
present a newspaper which illustrates the major
contributions of the Middle Ages as well as the
key events that changed the outcome of Medieval
Europe. Topics to research include, but are not
limited to Medieval Castles, Medieval methods
of Torture, the Crusades, the Black Death, the
Magna Carta, Religion Christianity, Heraldry,
Feudalism, and the life of Medieval Men Women.
Students may have opportunities to research in
class as well as create, revise, edit, and
publish the newspaper articles. This project can
be enriched or modified as needed for various
learners in the class. An Option may be to
include on topic in newspaper or research two or
more topics and develop the newspaper.
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Vocabulary of the Middle Ages
Justinian Code The Roman laws made simpler and
more understandable by Byzantine Emperor
Justinian. monopoly- complete control of the
means of production. mosaics paintings and
pictures using bits and pieces of colored glass
or stone. orthodox officially accepted
Christainity of the Byzantine Empire and
centered in Constantinople. icons Holy pictures
of Jesus and the saints. patriarchs Byzantine
church leaders. catholic a word meeting
universal or all embracing. Middle Ages The
time of medieval Europe from 500 CE. - 1,500
CE. pope the leader of the Christian church
based in Rome. Christendom the idea that all
the Christians of every kingdom formed a
community. crusaders Christian volunteers who
fought to free the holy land from the Seljuk
Turks who were Muslim.
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Feudal Vocabulary of the Middle Ages
Middle Ages The time of medieval Europe
from 500 CE. - 1,500 CE. pope the leader of
the Christian church based in Rome. manor a
large block of land made up of forests, meadows,
a church, a village, and the castle of the
noble who owned it all. serfs peasant
farmers who worked the nobles land. They were
tied to the land of a Noble. tenant someone who
pays rent to the landowner. vassal a noble who
agrees to perform service for the king in time
of war in exchange for use of the land. contract
a written agreement (with the king
vassal). feudal system A system of trading
protection for loyalty. bubonic plague a
sickness causes by bites from fleas on rats (as
known as Black Death). nation-state a
government with a strong central government,
laws, single ruler, language, customs,
standing army.
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Muslim Vocabulary of the Middle Ages
steppes semi-dry plains of grass land. Quran
The holy book of Islam. Muslim the religion
of the followers of Muhammads teaching and
Islam. Islam means submitting to Gods will or
following the Quran. caliph A Muslim
religious leader and successor to
Muhammad. Shiite Muslims who remain loyal to
the descendants of the fourth caliph. Sunni
Muslims who accept the changing dynasties of
caliphs or successors to Muhammad. mosques
Muslim houses of worship. minarets towers on
mosques where Muslims are called to worship
five times a day.
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The Muslim Empire

• II. B. Muhammad and Islam
• 1. In about 570 A.D. ________________________
  was
• born in a poor, but important family
  in Mecca.
• 2. He became unhappy about his tribes
  ______________
• worship.
• 3. In a vision the angel _________________ told
  him that
• he was a messenger to humankind.
• 4. The message was there is no god but God, or
  ________.
• 5. Over the next 23 years there were more
  messages
• which were put together in a holy book
  called the ______.
• 6. A _______________ is a follower of Muhammad
  and
• believes the Quran is gods word.
• 7. This religion becomes _______________ which
  means
• submitting to Gods Will.
• 8. In 622 A.D. Muhammad leaves Mecca, but
  returns with
• other Arab tribes nine years later and
  destroyed all the
• idols in the Kaba.

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The Byzantine Empire

• I. C. The Christian Church Divides
• 1. Religion caused much disagreement and many
  bitter arguments.
• 2. One argument centered around _______________
  , or holy
• pictures of Jesus and the saints.
• a) In the eastern part of the Byzantine Empire
  people felt that icons
• were like worshiping _______________, which
  is forbidden in
• the Ten Commandments.
• b) In the western part of the Empire most the
  people could not read
• or write. So icons were thought of a good
  way to teach
• Christianity.
• 3. The Byzantine church leaders, or
  ________________ did not want
• people to use Icons. Byzantine emperor Leo
  order them destroyed.
• 4. In 1054, the Christian Church split.
• a) The church of Rome became the Roman
  Catholic, or _________
• ____________________
• b) The church of Constantinople became the
  Eastern Orthodox Church.
• 5. In 1453 a weaken government ended the
  Byzantine Empire.

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The Muslim Empire

• II. E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire
• 1. After his death Muslim leaders chose a
  _____________,
• or successor to Muhammad.
• 2. The ________________ family moved the Muslim
  capital
• from Medina to Damascus, Syria..
• 3. The __________ family moved the capital in
  750 CE. To
• Baghdad.
• 4. Descendants of Muhammads daughter set up
  another
• capital in _________________, ____________.
• 5. The Muslim community split into several
  groups
• a) The _______________ accepted the changing
• dynasties.
• b) The _______________ not wanting either the
• Umayyad or Abbasid families as rulers,
  remained loyal
• to Ali the four caliphs descendants.

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Europe in the Middle Ages

• III. B. Life in the Middle Ages
• 1. Most Europeans lived in small villages which
  were part of
• a _____________________________, or a large
  block of
• land (made up of forests, meadows, farmland,
  the
• village, a church, and the house or castle of
  the noble).
• 2. Peasants, or ____________ , farmed the land
  and lived
• in the village.
• 3. They were ____________, or people who pays
  rent to
• the noble in the form of services and
  goods.
• 4. The Noble himself was a tenant of the King
  called a
• _____________, who had agreed to perform
  services for
• the king in return for being given use of
  the land. In a
• written contract he agreed to
• a) fight in the Kings Army
• b) collect taxes.
• 5. This system of trading protection for loyalty
  became known as the ______________
  ______________.

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Europe in the Middle Ages

• D. Disaster and Change
• 1. European cities became ____________________
  and
• _____________ places.
• 2. Streets were full of people, animal, and
  garbage..
• 3. In the 1340s a deadly sickness called the
  Black death or
• the _______________ ______________ hit Europe,
• caused by the bites of fleas on rats.
• 4. One fourth of the people died.
• 5. The Europeans who survived blamed their kings
  and the
• popes for not being able to stop the plague.