Jacksonian America

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Jacksonian America

• A08
• 7.10.15

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GUIDING QUESTION

• The Jacksonian Period (1824-1848) has been
  characterized as the era of the common man. To
  what extent did the period live up to its
  characterizations?
• Consider Political, economic, social developments

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DOCUMENT QUESTION

• Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the
  guardians of the United States Constitution,
  political democracy, individual liberty, and
  equality of opportunity. In light of the
  following documents and your knowledge of the
  1820s and 1830s, to what extent do you agree with
  the Jacksonians view of themselves? (1990 DBQ)

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Jacksons Background

• 9 years old read DOI to town
• 13 messenger in American Revolution- Lost older
  brother and mother (blamed British)
• 13? Duels- Charles Dickson, Thomas Benton
• Russel Bean
• 29 year old Jackson Unimpressed w/ Washington
• 1812- Old Hickory the Hero of New Orleans
• Florida 1819
• RACHEL

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A. JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
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Population Trends Westward Expansion, 1830
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GUIDING QUESTION

• What accounts for the development of democracy
  between 1820 and 1840?
• Changes in electoral politics
• Jacksonian economic policy
• Westward movement

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Presidential election, 1828
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1828 Presidential electionVote by county
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Jacksons first inaugural reception
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JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

• Andrew Jackson/ Kitchen Cabinet
• democracy/ Social Reform
• Jacksons Democratic Agenda
• interests of the common man
• limited federal government
• western expansion and settlement
• rotation in office
• not necessarily the spoils system

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Expansion of Political Participation

• Reasons for increases in mass political
  participation
• Expansion of Suffrage
• elimination of property requirements
• Printed ballots
• Political conventions
• party caucuses
• Candidates with popular appeal
• Campaigns
• Partisan Newspapers

The Expansion of Voting Rights for White Men,
1800-1830
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Voter TurnoutBefore the Civil War
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Expansion of Democracy
The Expansion of Voting Rights for White Men,
1800-1830
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The Burgeoning of Newspapers
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The Rise of Mass Politics  The Expanding
Electorate
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B. EMERGENCE OF THE SECOND PARTY SYSTEM
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GUIDING QUESTION

• Why did a two party system reemerge in the period
  1820-1840?
• Major political personalities
• Economic issues
• States rights

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B. EMERGENCE OF THE SECOND PARTY SYSTEM

• Second Party System
• Democrats
• Whigs
• The Great Triumvirate

Henry Clay
Daniel Webster
John Calhoun
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Second Party System (1828-ca. 1854)
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Voter Turnout by Party1824-1840
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C. FEDERAL AUTHORITY ITS OPPONENTS
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1. NULLIFICATION CRISIS

• Tariff of Abominations 1828
• John Calhoun
• Nullification
• South Carolina Exposition and Protest
• Nullification Crisis
• Nullification Act
• Force Bill
• Crisis Averted
• Significance

John C. Calhoun (Library of Congress)
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Nationalism v Sectionalism

• Sectional leaders
• Henry Clay (West) The Great Pacificator
• John C. Calhoun (South)
• Daniel Webster (North)

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Nationalism v. Sectionalism

• Nullification Crisis
• Tariffs 1816, 1824, 1828 (Abominations)
• Tariff unconstitutional?
• SC Nullification Ordinance gt threatens to
  secede
• Jackson obtains Force Bill from Congress
• Henry Clay orchestrates reduced Tariff Bill
• SC backs down
• Was the issue Fed Govts power over tariffs or
  slavery?

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The Nullification Crisis  
Our Federal Union- It must be preserved Andr
ew Jackson
The Union- next to our Liberty most
dear John Calhoun
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D. INDIAN REMOVAL
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INDIAN REMOVAL

• Changing Views of Indians
• 1790 to 1820s treaties, foreign nations
• Assimilation
• noble savages vs. savages

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Southern Indian Nations Before Removal
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INDIAN REMOVAL

• Removal
• Removal Act of 1830
• Blackhawk War Sauk and Fox Indians
• Five civilized tribes Creek, Chickasaw,
  Choctaw, Cherokee, Seminoles
• Cherokees
• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
• Worcester v. Georgia
• John Marshall has made his opinion, now let him
  enforce it
• Trail of Tears
• Seminole War - Osceola

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The Removal of Native Americans, 1820-1843
THE REMOVAL OF NATIVE AMERICANS, 1820-1843
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Indian Removal
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The Trail of Tears
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Debating the Indian Policy

• Most Southerners Westerners favored
• Protestant missionaries urged conversion
  assimilation
• Female benevolent societies
• Petition drive almost sinks Indian Rem. Bill
• Shows early reform efforts

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THE BANK WAR

• (2nd) Bank of the United States
• Nicholas Biddle
• Soft money/hard money
• The Bank War
• Pet Banks

Nicholas Biddle
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1832 Presidential election
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King Andrew I
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Assassination attempt on Andrew Jackson, 1835.
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Removal of federal deposits from the Second Bank
of the United States
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The Petticoat Affair- Peggy Eaton
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Presidential election, 1836
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THE BANK WAR AFTERAFFECTS

• specie circular
• Martin Van Buren
• The Panic of 1837

Western Land Sales, 1800-1860
Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren (Library of Congress)
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E. ELECTION OF 1840
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ELECTION OF 1840

• Election of 1840
• William Henry Harrison
• Tippecanoe and Tyler Too
• Hard Cider and Log Cabin Campaign

William Henry Harrison (Library of
Congress)
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ELECTION OF 1840

• Hard Cider and Log Cabin Campaign
• Harrison Campaign Poster
• (Library of Congress)

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ELECTION OF 1840

• Hard Cider and Log Cabin Campaign
• Harrison Campaign Poster
• (Library of Congress)

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Presidential election, 1840
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Presidential election, 1840Results by County
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ELECTION OF 1840
Harrisons Inauguration (Library of Congress)
John Tyler (Library of Congress)
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Tomb of William Henry HarrisonNorth Bend
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UNIT QUESTION

• To what extent were developments during the
  period 1800-1824 consistent with the vision of
  Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans, as opposed
  to the vision of Hamilton and the Federalists?

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UNIT QUESTION

• Historians have traditionally labeled the period
  after the War of 1812 (1815-1825) the Era of
  Good Feelings. How accurate was this label,
  considering the emergence of nationalism and
  sectionalism during the period?

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UNIT QUESTION

• The Jacksonian Period (1824-1848) has been
  characterized as the era of the common man. To
  what extent did the period live up to its
  characterizations?
• Consider the following
• Politics,
• economic development,
• Federal vs. state power
• treatment of Native Americans,

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Sources

• Wadsworth.com
• http//www.wadsworth.com/history_d/templates/stude
  nt_resources/0534593550_carroll/maps/carrollmaps.h
  tml
• http//www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_feature
  s/image_bank_US/images/maps/
• http//www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_feature
  s/image_bank_US/
• http//teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/
• Brinkley 10e
• Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.
  http//wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/
  
• Divine, America Past Present 7e
• Henretta, Americas History 5e from
  http//www.bedfordstmartins.com/mapcentral