APUSH: Jacksonian Democracy

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APUSH Jacksonian Democracy

• Weber
• 217

2
Activator

• Chapter 10 reading test.
• Good luck you have 20 minutes

3
Agenda

• Activator, agenda, and objective (30 minutes)
• DBQ on Jacksonian Democracy Group reading (30
  minutes)
• DBQ Jigsaw (30 minutes)
• DBQ Writing (30 minutes)
• Exit ticket (5 minutes)

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DBQ Jacksonian Democracy

• To what extent was the Age of Jackson, 1824-1836,
  an age of triumphant nationalism, an economic
  evolution (Market Revolution), an age of social
  perfectionism, cultural romanticism, and at the
  same time, an era of divisive sectionalism.

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Jacksonian Democracy DBQ

• GROUP 1
• A. Electoral map of 1828
• B. Spoils system
• C. Life of Jackson
• D. Letter from Henry Clay.
• E. Newspaper from 1832.
• F. Veto of the Bank Bill

• GROUP 2
• G. SC Nullification
• H. Jackson quote
• I. The Age of Jackson
• J. Jacksonian Era
• K. Jacksonian Era
• L. Map of trail of tears
• M. Picture of inaugeration
• N. Jacksonian Era

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Jacksonian Democracy

• GROUP 3
• O. Worcester vs. Georgia
• P. Market Revolution
• Q. First Inaugural
• R. Farewell address
• S. Nullification proclamation
• T. Henry Clay speech

• GROUP 4
• U. Contemporaries
• V. Inauguration
• W. Bridge court decision
• X. Webster
• Y. Rotation of office
• Z. Cherokee letter
• Facts and timeline

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I. Triumph of democracy

• Elimination of property qualifications for voting
• Enfranchisement of wage-earning men
• Popular pressures behind
• Uneven pace of, state by state
• Dorr War

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I. Triumph of democracy (contd)

• Elements of democracy
• Mass participation in politics
• Liveliness of the public sphere
• Democracy as habit of the heart (Alexis de
  Tocqueville)
• Democracy as hallmark of American freedom
• Democratic ideal as radical departure in Western
  thought
• Boundaries of the political nation
• Inclusion of laboring white men, immigrants
• Exclusion of women, non-whites
• Shift in criteria from economic status to natural
  capacity

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Triumph of democracy (contd)

• Information revolution
• Manifestations
• Mass circulation of penny press
• Variety of popular publications
• Alternative newspapers
• Contributing factors
• New printing technologies
• Low postal rates
• Rise of political party organizations
• New style of journalism

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Triumph of democracy (contd)

• Women and public sphere
• Areas of involvement
• Areas of exclusion
• Racial democracy
• Growing equation of democracy and whiteness
• Rise of racist stereotypes
• Contraction of black rights

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Nationalism and its discontents

• The American System
• Underlying vision
• Enhancement of nations financial,
  transportation, and
• manufacturing sectors
• Active role of federal government
• Leading architects
• Henry Clay
• John C. Calhoun
• Precursors
• Congressional approval of National Road
• Gallatin plan for federal road and canal
  construction

12
Nationalism and its discontents (contd)

• The American System
• 1815 blueprint
• National bank
• Tariff on imported manufactured goods
• Internal improvements (road and canals)
• Outcome
• Enactment of tariff
• Chartering of Second Bank of the United States
  (Bank)
• Veto of internal improvements

13
Nationalism and its discontents (contd)

• Functions and mission of Bank
• Panic of 1819
• Causes
• Post-war speculative fever
• Markets for American cotton and grain
• Land boom in West
• Easy credit from local banks and Bank
• Ebbing demand for American exports, land
• Material repercussions
• Mass bankruptcy
• Rising unemployment
• Political repercussions
• Growing popular distrust of banks
• State measures to protect debtors, challenge Bank
• McCulloch v. Maryland

14
Nationalism and its discontents (contd)

• Missouri controversy
• Narrative
• Missouri quest for statehood
• Tallmadge proposal limiting slavery
• Stalemate
• First Missouri Compromise
• Dual admission of Missouri and Maine
• Prohibition of slavery above 3630'
• Second Missouri Compromise
• Significance
• Sectional conflict amid Era of Good Feelings
• Harbinger of future crises over slavery

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Nation, section, and party

• Monroe Doctrine
• Background
• Latin American rebellions against Spanish
  colonial rule
• Establishment of independent Latin American
  nations
• Principles
• No further European colonization in Americas
• Noninterference by European powers in Latin
  American republics
• Noninvolvement of United States in European wars
• Motivations

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Nation, section, and party (contd)

• Election of 1824
• Candidates and their constituencies
• Andrew Jackson
• John Quincy Adams
• William H. Crawford
• Henry Clay
• 2. Outcome
• Attainment by Jackson of first place in popular
  vote
• Attainment by Adams of electoral vote majority
  (in House)
• Charges of corrupt bargain between Adams and
  Clay

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Nation, section, and party (contd)

• Presidency of Adams
• Background on Adams
• Vision for nation
• Domestic
• American System
• Activist national state
• Foreign
• Dynamic commerce around world
• U.S. hegemony in Western Hemisphere
• Achievements
• Acceleration of internal
• Increase in tariff

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Nation, section, and party (contd)

• Gathering Jacksonian challenge
• Themes
• Individual liberty
• States rights
• Limited government
• Mobilization of Democratic party
• Martin Van Burens approach to party politics
• Quest for revived Jeffersonian coalition
• Election of 1828
• Old politics (Adams) vs. new politics (Jackson)
• Scurrilous campaigning
• Jacksons victory
• Affirmation of a new American politics

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Age of Jackson

• Contradictions of Andrew Jackson
• New mode of politics
• Political contests as public spectacle, mass
  entertainment
• Politicians as popular heroes
• The party machine
• Source of jobs for constituents
• Mobilizer of voter turnout
• Spoils system
• National party conventions
• Party newspapers

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Age of Jackson (contd)

• The Democratic party
• Agenda and philosophy
• Concern over gulf between social classes
• Aversion to federal promotion of economic
  development, special interests
• Vision of broad access to self-regulating market
• Belief in limits on federal power
• Counterposing of producing classes and
  non-producers
• Individual morality as private concern

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Age of Jackson (contd)

• The Democratic party
• Bases of support
• Farmers remote from markets
• Urban workers
• Aspiring entrepreneurs
• Catholic and immigrants
• South and West

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Age of Jackson (contd)

• The Whig party
• Agenda and philosophy
• Receptiveness to hierarchy of social classes
• Federal promotion of economic development
  American System
• Individual morality as public concern
• Bases of support
• Established businessmen and bankers
• Market-oriented farmers
• Large planters
• Evangelical Protestants
• Northeast

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Age of Jackson (contd)

• Nullification crisis
• Growing concern of southern planters over
  national authority
• 1828 tariff of abominations
• Emergence of nullification threat
• South Carolina planter elite
• Vice President Calhoun
• States rights vs. liberty and union
• Climax and resolution
• 1832 tariff
• Repudiation by South Carolina
• Enactment of Force Bill by Congress
• Engineering of compromise by Clay

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Age of Jackson (contd)

• Indian removal
• Ongoing displacement
• 1832 defeat of Black Hawk in Old Northwest
  (Illinois)
• 1820s expulsion of Indians from Missouri
• 1830 Indian Removal Act
• Provision for removal of Five Civilized Tribes
  from
• southern states
• Support from Jackson
• Implications
• Repudiation of Jeffersonian idea of assimilation
• Rebuff of Indian efforts to assimilate

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IV. Age of Jackson (contd)

• Indian removal
• 1830 Indian Removal Act
• Cherokee appeals to Congress, courts
• Mixed response from Supreme Court
• Johnson v. MIntosh
• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
• Worcester v. Georgia
• Jackson defiance of Supreme Court
• Trail of Tears

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Age of Jackson (contd)

• Indian removal
• Responses of remaining southern tribes
• Widespread acquiescence, voluntary departure
• Resistance by Seminoles
• Leadership of Osceola
• Assistance from fugitive slaves
• Second Seminole War
• William Apesss A Son of the Forest
• Receding of Indian presence east of the
  Mississippi

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Age of Jackson (contd)

• Bank War
• Background
• Bank as controversial symbol of market revolution
• Nicholas Biddle and the Bank
• View of Bank as union of political authority and
  economic privilege
• Jackson vs. Bank
• 1832 bill extending Bank charter
• Veto by Jackson
• Significance
• Populist themes of veto message
• Affirmation of presidential power

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Age of Jackson (contd)

• Bank War
• Aftermath
• Sweeping reelection of Jackson
• Gradual death of Bank
• Shift of government funds to local banks
• Victory of soft-money over hard-money
• Jacksonians
• Pet banks
• Expansion of paper currency
• Speculative boom
• Decline in real wages

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Post-Jackson era

• Panic of 1837 and subsequent depression
• Causes
• Specie Circular
• Bank of England demand for repayment in gold or
  silver
• Economic downturn in Britain
• Material repercussions
• Business failures
• Farmers loss of land
• Urban unemployment
• Collapse of labor movement
• Defaults on state debts

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Post-Jackson era

• Economic policy under Van Buren administration
• Ascendancy of hard-money Democrats
• Shift of government funds from pet banks to
  Independent
• Treasury
• Split within Democratic party
• Election of 1840
• Fragmenting of Democratic coalition
• Maturation of Whig party
• Adoption of Democratic party methods of
  organization
• Nomination of William Henry Harrison
• Log Cabin campaign
• Harrisons defeat of Van Buren
• Death of Harrison

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Post-Jackson era

• Presidency of John Tyler
• Veto of Whigs American System program
• Whig repudiation of Tyler
• Weakness of Tyler without party backing