Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy

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C6H1206 602 ? 6C02 6H20 energy in ATP
Cell respiration 6C02 6H20 light energy ?
C6H1206 602 Photosynthesis
Glucose C6H1206
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Cellular RespirationHarvesting Chemical Energy
ATP
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Burn fuels to make energy
combustion making heat energy by burning fuels in
one step
aerobic respiration making ATP energy ( some
heat) by burning fuels in many small steps
ATP CO2 H2O ( heat)
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Energy needs of life

• Animals are energy consumers
• What do we need energy for?
• synthesis (building for growth)
• reproduction
• active transport
• movement
• temperature control (making heat)

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Where do we get energy?

• Energy is stored in organic molecules
• carbohydrates, fats, proteins
• Animals eat these organic molecules ? food
• digest food to get
• fuels for energy (ATP)
• raw materials for building more molecules
• carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids

ATP
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What is energy in biology?
ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate
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Harvesting energy stored in food

• Cellular respiration
• breaking down food to produce ATP
• in mitochondria
• using oxygen
• aerobic respiration
• usually digesting glucose
• but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins

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Which of the following is a product of cell
respiration?

1. ATP
2. Glucose
3. Oxygen
4. NADPH

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Cell Respiration takes place in the

1. Chloroplast
2. Nucleus
3. Mitochondria
4. Rough ER

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What do we need to transform chemical energy in
food?
Make ATP!Make ATP!All I do all dayAnd no
oneeven notices!

• The Furnace for transfering energy
• mitochondria
• Fuel
• food carbohydrates, fats, proteins
• Helpers
• oxygen
• enzymes
• Product
• ATP
• Waste products
• carbon dioxide
• then used by plants
• water

enzymes
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Mitochondria are everywhere!!
animal cells
plant cells
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Using ATP to do work?
ATP

• Cant store ATP
• too unstable
• only used in cell that produces it
• only short term energy storage

work
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Adenosine DiPhosphate
ADP
A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs
per second
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A Bodys Energy Budget
make energy
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ATP
eatfood
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synthesis (building)
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storage
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Mitochondria Structure

• Double membrane bound organelle
• Contains its own DNA (different from nucleus
  DNA)
• Matrix jelly-like fluid
• Cristae folds of membrane within the
  mitochondria

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Steps of Cellular Respiration

• 1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic does not require
  oxygen)
• 2. Krebs Cycle (Aerobic- requires oxygen)
• 3. Electron Transport Chain (Aerobic)

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Which of the following processes requires oxygen?

1. Photosynthesis
2. Aerobic Respiration
3. Anaerobic Respiration
4. Glycolysis

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Which of the following is NOT a stage of cell
respiration?

1. Krebs Cycle
2. Calvin Cycle
3. Glycolysis
4. Electron Transport

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The first step of respiration is

1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb Cycle
3. Calvin Cycle
4. Electron Transport Chain

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Plants conduct which of the following processes?

1. Glycolysis
2. Photosynthesis only
3. Respiration only
4. Both Photosynthesis and respiration

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Glycolysis takes place in the

1. Mitochondrial matrix
2. cytoplasm
3. Cell membrane
4. Cristae of mitochondria

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Step 1 Glycolysis

• Takes place in cytoplasm
• Anaerobic process- no oxygen required
• Splits glucose into two 3-carbon molecules called
  pyruvate
• REACTANTS (IN) Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD, and 4
  ADP
• PRODUCTS 2 ADP, 2 NADH, 4 ATP, 2 Pyruvate
• Net gain 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH and 2 ATP

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Step 2 Krebs Cycle

• Takes place in matrix of mitochondria
• Aerobic Process will not happen without the
  presence of oxygen
• Electron carriers NADH and FADH2 are produced
  from NAD and FAD
• NADH and FADH2 go to the Electron Transport Chain
  to be used to make more ATP
• Carbon Dioxide is released
• 2 ATP are produced

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Step 3 Electron Transport Chain

• Takes place in cristae of mitochondria
• Aerobic process uses oxygen
• Uses the NADH produced in Glycolysis the Krebs
  Cycle
• Uses the FADH2 produced in the Krebs Cycle
• Produces 34 ATP!!!!
• Water is released

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What if oxygen is missing?

• No O2 available cant carry out Krebs cycle or
  electron transport
• Anaerobic respiration
• glycolysis followed by fermentation
• alcohol fermentation-yeasts
• lactic acid fermentation-bacteria
• skeletal muscle
• Cells must survive on 2 ATP/gluocse
• produced during Glycolysis
• Repeating cycles of glycolysis
• fermentation
• large animals cannot survive

yeast
bacteria
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Anaerobic Respiration
Fermentation does NOT produce ATP! It regenerates
glycolysiss reactant NAD so that glycolysis
can be repeated again again while conditions
are anaerobic.

• Fermentation
• alcohol fermentation
• yeast
• glucose ? ATP CO2 alcohol
• make beer, wine, bread
• lactic acid fermentation
• bacteria, animals
• glucose ? ATP lactic acid
• bacteria make yogurt
• animals feel muscle fatigue

Tastes goodbut not enoughenergy for me!
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