Biomolecules II

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Biomolecules II

• Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration

• is the name we give to the process by which
  plants and animals extract energy from glucose.
• takes place in all plant and animal cells
• are of two types aerobic and anaerobic cellular
  respiration

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Cellular Respiration Overview
Sugar Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transpo
rt Chain H2O CO2

• The Three Biggies
• Glycolysis
• the Krebs Cycle
• the Electron Transport Chain

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A Major Player - ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
the Cells Energy Currency ATP
P Phosphate
Adenosine
P
P
P


High Energy Bonds
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Stylized Cell ID
cytoplasm
mitochondria
cell membrane
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Glycolysis in the cytoplasm
energize!
break!
2 ATP
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 ADP
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
1 Glucose molecule
2 Pyruvic Acid molecules
2 NAD
2 NADH
to the ETC
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No Oxygen!anaerobic fermentation in animals and
plants
2 ATP
2 ADP
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Glucose
2 Pyruvic Acid
2 Lactic Acid
Animal Bacteria
muscles cheese yogurt
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No Oxygen!anaerobic fermentation in yeast
Yeast Bread, Wine, Beer, Root Beer
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Stylized Cell ID
cytoplasm
mitochondria
cell membrane
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Krebs Cycle in mitochondria
Glycolysis (cytoplasm)
ETC (membrane)
Krebs Cycle (matrix)
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Acetyl CoA formation in the cytoplasm
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Krebs Cycle in mitochondrial matrix

• each Acetyl-CoA enters Krebs cycle in turn
• each Acetyl-CoA
• releases 2 CO2 molecules
• forms 1 ATP molecules
• converts 3 NAD to NADH
• converts FAD to FADH2

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the Electron Transport Chain

• The bulk of energy from breaking down glucose
  32 ATP - is generated in the ETC
• along the inner membrane of mitochondria
• oxygen combines with hydrogen ions to form
  water
• the H s drive the formation of ATP

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Electron Transport Chainin the membrane
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in Summary
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Alternative Biomolecule Pathways