Biomolecules Lecture

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Biomolecules Lecture

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

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You are what you eat
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Carbohydrates
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Monosaccharides
4 Examples 1. Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Ribose
4. Deoxyribose
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Glucose Structure
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Function of Glucose
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Fructose Structure
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Function of Fructose

• Used by sperm cells as source of energy
• Converted to glucose and used as source of energy

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Structure of Ribose and Deoxyribose
deoxyribose
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Function of Ribose

• Part of RNA nucleotides and ATP

RNA
RNA Nucleotide
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Function of Ribose

• Part of RNA nucleotides and ATP

ATP
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Function of Deoxyribose

• Part of DNA nucleotides

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Disaccharides

• 3 examples
• Sucrose
• 2. Lactose
• 3. Maltose

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Carbohydrate Synthesis/Hydrolysis
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Carbohydrate Structure
Glucose Glucose
Maltose
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Sucrose Structure
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Sucrose Function

• Once it is broken down, it is used as a source of
  energy

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Lactose
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Maltose
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• How sweet is sweet?
• We perceive a sweet taste when a chemical binds
  to the sweet receptor on the tongue
• The structure of a compound determines how well
  it fits into a receptor
• The more strongly the chemical binds to the
  receptor, the sweeter it is perceived to be
• The chemical can be sugar or another compound,
  such as aspartame

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Polysaccharides

• 3 examples
• Glycogen
• Starch
• Cellulose

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STARCH
GLYCOGEN
CELLULOSE
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Lipids

• 3 types of lipids
• 1. Triglycerides (fats oils)
• 2. Phospholipids
• 3. Steroids

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Lipids

• Fats and oils are composed of 2 types of
  subunits glycerol and fatty acids.

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Examples of Trigylcerides
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Triglyceride
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Triglyceride
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Saturated Fats
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Unsaturated Fats
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Trans Fats
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Phospholipids
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Phospholipids
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Steroids
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3
2
1
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Examples of Steroids
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Proteins
Proteins are made up of amino acids linked
together

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Proteins
OH
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Proteins

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Examples of Amino Acids
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Protein Structure
The function of a protein is a result of its 3-D
structure
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Protein Structure
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Protein Structure
Lactase
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Protein Structure
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Protein Movement
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Protein Transport
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Protein Transport
LE 5-13c
ATP
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Protein Buffers
Help maintain pH in our body
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Protein Receptors Can Activate Molecules
Messenger molecule
Receptor
Activated molecule
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Protein Control
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Protein Defense
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Protein Enzymes
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Enzyme Active Site
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• DNA
• Stores genetic code. That is it stores all of
  the recipes for making the proteins our body
  needs (cookbook)
• Controls when cells divide
• Regulates metabolism (when enzymes are made)

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• Genes
• Instructions for making 1 protein
• (1 recipe)

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RNA Structure
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RNA Structure
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RNA Function

• 1. Involved in protein synthesis
• 2. Can function as enzymes (called ribozymes)

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• mRNA
• Has rewritten instructions for making proteins
  (rewritten recipe)
• tRNA
• Carries amino acids (ingredients) as per
  instructions on mRNA
• rRNA
• Holds mRNA and tRNA so that amino acids can be
  linked as per original recipe on DNA (mixing
  bowl)

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DNA Nucleotide
Nitrogenous Base
Phosphate Group
Sugar
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DNA Nucleotide
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RNA Structure
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DNA vs RNA
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DNA and RNA
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RNA