Greco Roman Concepts

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Greco Roman Concepts

• History of Direct and Indirect Democracy

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Video Explanation of Concepts

• Video 1 http//app.discoveryeducation.com/player/
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• Video 2 http//app.discoveryeducation.com/player/
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• Video 3 http//app.discoveryeducation.com/player/
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What is Government?

• Government a system for controlling society
• Throughout history people have recognized the
  need for a system to organize society.
• For much of history, people lived under the rule
  of kings or rulers with absolute power.
• Opposite of democracy
• First democraciesGREECE ROME

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The World
Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
SOUTH POLE
SOUTH POLE
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Rise of Democratic Ideas In Greece and Rome
Mediterranean Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Greeks 594 B.C.
Romans 509 B.C.
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Ancient Greece
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The Rise of Democracy

• The Parthenon
• in Athens

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Our government is based on ideas from Ancient
Greece Rome.
We call Greece The Birthplace of Democracy.
A democracy is a government ruled by the
people.
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Ancient Greece

• People lived in a polis (city-states).
• Political unit made up of a city and area around
  it.
• Overtime city-states would change governments.
  Sometimes they were ruled by Tyrants and other
  times they were a democracy.

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The First Democracy

• The city-state of Athens evolved into a
  democracy. (demopeople kratospower)
• Government in which the people exercise power.
• The word people meant adult male citizens who
  had military training ONLY.
• Athens evolved further into a direct democracy.
• In a direct democracy, all citizens meet in one
  place (town meetings) to make the laws for their
  state. The laws are directly voted on by the
  people. However, the officials were chosen from
  all the citizens by lottery.
• Switzerland is an example of direct democracy
  today.

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Bodies of Government

• There were three main bodies of the government
  the Assembly, the Council of 500, and the Courts.
  
• The Assembly included all citizens who showed up
  to vote. Everyone who was a citizen could
  participate as part of the assembly. The assembly
  would decide on new laws and important decisions,
  like whether or not to go to war.
• The Council oversaw much of the day-to-day
  running of the government. The Council was
  determined by lottery. If your name was chosen,
  then you would be on the council for one year.
• The Courts handled lawsuits and trials. The
  courts had large juries to help make decisions.
  For private lawsuits the jury was at least 201
  people, for public lawsuits the jury was at least
  501 people.

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How did each of these Athenian leaders contribute
to the development of democracy?
Solon Cleisthenes Pericles
Outlawed slavery based on debt All citizens submit laws for debate Increased of paid public officials
All free male adults are citizens Council of 500 members chosen randomly. Why? Paid jurors why is this important?
Council of 400
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Why do some historians believe that Athens was
not a true democracy?

• Not considered citizens
• Women
• Slaves
• Foreign residents
• Only men who completed their military training
  could vote.

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Why did democracy end in Athens?

• Peloponnesian War
• Athens v. Sparta
• Invasion by Macedonia

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The Peloponnesian War 430 - 404 B.C.
Athens lost.... Greece was weakened
Sparta vs. Athens
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338 B.C. The end of Democracy in Greece and..
The beginning of a foreign Monarchy.
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Greeks Direct democracy Paying jurors so more people can participate in government 3 branches of government Written Legal Code Natural law
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Ancient Roman Empire
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The lands of the Roman Empire, who
allowed conquered people the right of equal
treatment under the law.
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Invading Roman Army
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Romans, welcoming their emperor.
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The Roman Republic
Roman aristocrats overthrew the harsh king set
up the new government the Republic The Romans
were the first to give us Representative
Democracy with their senators.
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The Romans used a Republican form of
Government - Representative Democracy.
A Representative Democracy is a government in
which the people elect (vote for) a smaller group
to make the rules laws for everyone.
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The Roman Republic

• In 509 BC, the Romans overthrew their king and
  created a republic.
• a government in which citizens rule through
  representatives, whom they elect.
• Patricians (members of the landholding upper
  class) ruled.
• Plebeians (common farmers, merchants, and
  artisans) could rule.
• Plebeians demanded laws be writtenfirst written
  code of law.
• Government set up separate branches (separation
  of powers).

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Twelve Tables

• Roman laws were carved on 12 tablets and publicly
  displayed.
• Why is the formation of a written law code
  necessary in a democratic government?
• Established the idea that all free citizens had
  the right to protection of the laws and that the
  laws would be fair to all.

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Republican Government

• Legislative branch made up of the Senate
• Senate was made up of only patricians.
• Why do you think plebeians were not allowed to be
  senators?

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Romans Representative democracy the Individual is a citizen of the State not just a subject to a ruler. Written Legal Code 3 branches of government All citizens had the right to equal treatment under the law considered innocent until proven guilty burden of proof rested with the accuser Any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside.
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Lets practice!!!! Get out your whiteboards!!
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Which kind of government do we have in the United
States?
Do we have a Direct Democracy?
Do we have a Representative Democracy?
This one is correct!
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Scenario 1 Direct or Indirect

• Democracy in which votes choose delegates to
  create the laws of government on their behalf.
  This is an example of?
• Indirect

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Scenario 2 Direct or Indirect

• People directly vote on whether a law will be
  passed or a person elected. This is an example
  of?
• Direct

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Scenario 3 Direct or Indirect

• In the United States, we vote for representatives
  in the Electoral College to help us vote for
  President. This is an example of?
• Indirect

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Scenario 4 Direct or Indirect

• The people of Athens voted directly on the
  city-states laws without the help of elected
  representatives. This is an example of?
• Direct

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Scenario 5 Direct or Indirect

• The Romans Legislative Branch was made of
  Senators who would represent the Roman people
  during voting just like the U.S. Senators and HOR
  do today. This is an example of?
• Indirect

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As a class, lets see how this works!!!

• Exercise 1 (Direct Democracy) Lets vote on two
  new class procedures (using cell phones or
  chewing gum in school).
• -By show of hands vote for only one of
  the procedures above. We will tally the votes
  and the procedure with the most votes wins.
• Exercise 2 (Indirect Democracy) Lets vote on two
  new class procedures (using cell phones or
  chewing gum in school).
• -For each 5 students in the class, the class
  will have a representative that will count as 1
  vote. How many votes will our class have? Lets
  see which procedure wins now!