Regents Review - Ancient Greece

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Classical Civilizations in the Mediterranean
Greece and Rome
By Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H.S.
Chappaqua, NY Reorganized and edited by Bobbie
Clark
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The Geography of Greece
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The Geography of Rome
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Archaic Greece 1650 BCE - 700 BCE
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Bronze Age Greece
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Crete Minoan Civilization(Palace at Knossos)
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Knossos Minoan Civilization
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Minoan Civilization
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The Mycenaean Civilization
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Homer The Heroic Age
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The Mask of Agamemnon
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The History of Ancient Italy
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Italy in 750 BCE
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Influence of the Etruscans

• Writing
• Religion
• The Arch

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The Mythical Founding of RomeRomulus Remus
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"Hellenic" (Classical) Greece 700 BCE - 324 BCE
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ATHENS Yesterday Today
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Piraeus Athens Port City
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Early Athenian Lawgivers

• Draco
• draconian
• Solon
• Cleisthenes
• created the first democracy!

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Persian Wars 499 BCE 480 BCE
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Persian Wars Famous Battles

• Marathon (490 BCE)
• 26 miles from Athens
• Thermopylae (480 BCE)
• 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
• Salamis (480 BCE)
• Athenian navy victorious

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Golden Age of Pericles460 BCE 429 BCE
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Great Athenian Philosophers

• Socrates
• Know thyself!
• question everything
• only the pursuit of goodnessbrings happiness.
• Plato
• The Academy
• The world of the FORMS
• The Republic ? philosopher-king

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Great Athenian Philosophers

• Aristotle
• The Lyceum
• Golden Mean everything inmoderation.
• Logic.
• Scientific method.

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Athens The Arts Sciences

• DRAMA (tragedians)
• Aeschylus
• Sophocles
• Euripides
• THE SCIENCES
• Pythagoras
• Democritus ? all matter made up of
  small atoms.
• Hippocrates ? Father of Medicine

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Phidias Acropolis
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The Acropolis Today
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The Parthenon
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The Agora
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The Classical Greek Ideal
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Olympia
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The Ancient OlympicsAthletes Trainers
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Olympia Temple to Hera
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The 2004 Olympics
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SPARTA
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SPARTA
Helots ? Messenians enslaved by the
Spartans.
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Peloponnesian Wars
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Macedonia Under Philip II
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The Roman Republic 509 BCE - 27 BCE
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Republican Government
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for
patricians) Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)
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The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE

• Providing political and socialrights for the
  plebeians.

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The Roman Forum
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Romes Early Road System
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Roman Roads The Appian Way
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The Roman Colosseum
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The Colosseum Interior
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The Colosseum Interior
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Circus Maximus
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Carthaginian Empire
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Hannibals Route
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Reform Leaders

• Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
• the poor should be given grain and small plots of
  free land.

Military Reformer

• Gaius Marius
• recruited an army from the poorand homeless.
• professional standing army.

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Civil War Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey
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Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!
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The First Triumvirate

• Julius Caesar
• Marcus Licinius Crassus
• Gaius Magnus Pompey

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Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE
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The Second Triumvirate

• Octavian Augustus
• Marc Antony
• Marcus Lepidus

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"Hellenistic" Greece 324 BCE - 100 BCE
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Alexander the Great
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Alexander the Greats Empire
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Alexander the Great in Persia
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The Hellenization of Asia
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Pergamum A Hellenistic City
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The Economy of the Hellenistic World
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Hellenistic Philosophers

• Cynics ? Diogenes
• ignore social conventions avoid luxuries.
• citizens of the world.
• live a humble, simple life.
• Epicurians ? Epicurus
• avoid pain seek pleasure.
• all excess leads to pain!
• politics should be avoided.

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Hellenistic Philosophers

• Stoics ? Zeno
• nature is the expansion of divine will.
• concept of natural law.
• get involved in politics, not for personal
  gain, but toperform virtuous acts for the good
  of all.
• true happiness is found ingreat achievements.

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Hellenism The Arts Sciences

• Scientists / Mathematicians
• Aristarchus ? heliocentric theory.
• Euclid ? geometry
• Archimedes ? pulley
• Hellenistic Art
• More realistic less ideal than Hellenic art.
• Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

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The Breakup of Alexanders Empire
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The Roman Empire 27 BCE - 476 CE
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Octavian AugustusRomes First Emperor
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The First Roman Dynasty
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Pax Romana 27 BCE 180 CE
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The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire 14 CE
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The Rise of Christianity
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St. Paul Apostle to the Gentiles
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The Spread of Christianity
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Imperial Roman Road System
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Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two 294 CE
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Constantine 312 - 337
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Constantinople The 2nd Rome (Founded in 330)
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Barbarian Invasions 4c-5c
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Attila the HunThe Scourge of God
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ByzantiumThe Eastern Roman Empire
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The Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of Justinian
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The Byzantine Emperor Justinian
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The Legacy of Rome

• Republic Government
• Roman Law
• Latin Language
• Roman Catholic Church
• City Planning
• Romanesque Architectural Style
• Roman Engineering
• Aqueducts
• Sewage systems
• Dams
• Cement
• Arch

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Rome vs. Greece

• 1. Mighty empire vs. inept/Greek city-states
• 2. Mastered engineering vs. scientific thought
• 3. Western Europe-Greco Roman vs. Eastern Europe-
  Greek influence
• 4. Shared- political ideas, religion, artistic
  styles, and economic structures

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Religion

• Christianity spread, but not a product of
  Christian/Roman Culture
• Greco-Roman religion-naturegtgods and goddesses
• Different names/interacted w/mortals/whims/soap
  opera
• God Stories used to illustrate human passions-
  literature

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Economy and Society

• Difficulty Farming
• Merchants- better than Chinese
• Slavery- key component to agriculture and
  military expansion
• Behind India and China in technology
• Not as bad for women as China

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Shout Out to the Persians

• 550 BCE Cyrus the Great- massive Persian Empire
  across Middle East
• Tolerant of local customs
• Advanced iron technology
• Zoroastrianism
• Artistic lifestyle
• Conquered by Alexander the Great
• Persian language and culture survived in the 20th
  Century